COMMONS / INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN
COMMONS / INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN
System notes
Institutional design determines commons success; resource type does not.
Hardin's state-or-privatization dichotomy for commons governance is false; self-governing institutions can and do emerge without centralized coercion.
Ostrom's eight design principles are operational predictors of commons survival: clear boundaries, cost-benefit matching, user participation, monitoring, graduated sanctions, conflict resolution, minimal recognition rights, and nested governance.
Axelrod's tit-for-tat tournament and Ostrom's fieldwork converge on the same mechanism: cooperation survives when rules make defection more expensive than cooperation.
Scale is the hardest limit to Ostrom's principles: they work in small, homogeneous, face-to-face groups but fail at global scale where boundaries, monitoring, and graduated sanctions are impossible.
Evidence ledger 7 · tier-ranked · API
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