---
slug: fn-prec-02-kindt-soeter-vervliet-2009-propranolol-and-human
title: "Kindt, Soeter & Vervliet (2009) — propranolol and human fear memory reconsolidation"
kind: precedent
status: published
hash: 598038a0de04fc7903826ca94c102d1fd4d956382cc3c00e0373f23d98bfcf6f
created: 2026-10-11T07:07:10.999Z
updated: 2026-10-11T07:07:10.999Z
summary: ""
tags: []
above: ["[[fn-index-precedents]]"]
below: []
adjacent: []
nested: []
---
# Kindt, Soeter & Vervliet (2009) — propranolol and human fear memory reconsolidation

Citation: Kindt M, Soeter M, Vervliet B. "Beyond extinction: erasing human fear responses and preventing the return of fear." *Nature Neuroscience* 12(3):256–258 (2009).

Identifiers: PMID 19219038; DOI 10.1038/nn.2271.

Retrieved from: https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=19219038&rettype=abstract&retmode=xml (record also at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19219038/)

"Animal studies have shown that fear memories can change when recalled, a process referred to as reconsolidation. We found that oral administration of the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol before memory reactivation in humans erased the behavioral expression of the fear memory 24 h later and prevented the return of fear. …" [The abstract's remaining sentence states that disrupting fear-memory reconsolidation opens new avenues for long-term treatment of patients with emotional disorders.]

## Facts

```json
{
  "kind": "precedent",
  "citation": "Kindt M, Soeter M, Vervliet B. \"Beyond extinction: erasing human fear responses and preventing the return of fear.\" *Nature Neuroscience* 12(3):256–258 (2009).",
  "identifiers": "PMID 19219038; DOI 10.1038/nn.2271.",
  "retrieval_url": "https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=19219038&rettype=abstract&retmode=xml",
  "passage_status": "verbatim excerpt; full abstract at the retrieval URL"
}
```

---

**above:** [[fn-index-precedents]]