---
slug: convergence-encyclopedia-c14
title: Convergence Encyclopedia: C14 — Duality / Complementarity / Dialectic
canonical: https://miscsubjects.com/a/convergence-encyclopedia-c14
---

**F1 — Tier.** T1 (physics — wave-particle duality, position-momentum uncertainty); T3 (philosophy — complementarity as epistemological principle, Taoist dialectic, Jungian psychology). Load-bearing only at T1.

**F2 — Sources.** 
- Bohr, N. (1928). “The quantum postulate and the recent development of atomic theory.” Nature, 121(3050), 580–590. (Complementarity principle.)
- Bohr, N. (1949). “Discussion with Einstein on epistemological problems in atomic physics.” In Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist (P.A. Schilpp, ed.), 201–241.
- Newton, I. (1687). Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. (Third law: action = reaction — dynamical complementarity.)
- Heraclitus (c. 500 BCE). Fragments. (Unity of opposites: DK B51, B60, B67.)
- Tao Te Ching (trad. Laozi, c. 6th century BCE; oldest excavated texts c. 4th century BCE). Chapters 1, 2, 42. (Taoist complementarity: yin-yang.)
- Jung, C.G. (1951). Aion: Researches into the Phenomenology of the Self. (Psychological complementarity: archetypes, anima/animus.)

**F3 — Domains.** Physics (wave-particle, canonical conjugates), logic (intuitionistic vs. classical), philosophy (process vs. substance), psychology (Jungian opposites), Eastern philosophy (Taoism).

**F4 — Scale.** Applies across all scales where complementary descriptions are required.

**F5 — Falsifier.** Discovery of a fundamental physical quantity with no conjugate variable — a measurement that can be made with arbitrary precision simultaneously with all other measurements. This would violate the uncertainty principle and undermine complementarity.

**F6 — Rival (strongest form).** Complementarity is a limitation of our formalism, not a feature of reality. Wave and particle descriptions are both incomplete approximations; there is a more fundamental description (e.g., quantum field theory) from which both emerge. The “duality” is epistemological — we lack the concepts to describe the underlying unity — not ontological. (Einstein’s position in Bohr-Einstein debates; supported by de Broglie-Bohm pilot wave theory as single ontology.)

**F7 — Independence.** HIGH. Bohr (physics, Copenhagen), Heraclitus (pre-Socratic philosophy, Ephesus), Taoism (Chinese philosophy/religion), and Jung (analytical psychology, Zurich) developed complementary/dualistic frameworks independently across millennia and cultures with no known causal connection. Newton’s third law (mechanical complementarity) was developed independently of all four.

**F8 — Pattern type.** Structural.

**F9 — Maps.** A1 (foundational structure).

---

## Corpus map
- Previous: [Convergence Encyclopedia: C13](/a/convergence-encyclopedia-c13)
- Next: [Convergence Encyclopedia: C15](/a/convergence-encyclopedia-c15)
- Encyclopedia start: [The Schema](/a/convergence-encyclopedia-schema)
- Same node, other planes: [Catalogue node C14](/a/oip-node-c14-duality-complementarity-dialectic) · [Catalogue hub](/a/oip-convergence-public-article)
- Edges touching C14: [convergence edge 3](/a/oip-convergence-edge-3)
- Kin corpora: [Total Structure](/a/oip-total-structure) · [Signature of the Grain](/a/oip-sog-preamble-axioms)
