---
slug: convergence-encyclopedia-c21
title: Convergence Encyclopedia: C21 — Emergence / "More Is Different"
canonical: https://miscsubjects.com/a/convergence-encyclopedia-c21
---

**F1 — Tier.** T1 (phenomenon — emergent behavior is well-documented); T3 (interpretation — whether emergence is ontological or merely epistemological is philosophical). Load-bearing at T1; T3 mapping only.

**F2 — Sources.** 
- Anderson, P.W. (1972). “More is different.” Science, 177(4047), 393–396. Note: v1 confused this with C04 (symmetry-breaking). Anderson 1972 is the emergence paper; Anderson 1963 (C04) is the symmetry-breaking paper.
- Laughlin, R.B. & Pines, D. (2000). “The theory of everything.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(1), 28–31.
- Laughlin, R.B. (2005). A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down. Basic Books.
- Holland, J.H. (1998). Emergence: From Chaos to Order. Addison-Wesley.
- Corning, P.A. (2002). “The re-emergence of ‘emergence’: A venerable concept in search of a theory.” Complexity, 7(6), 18–30.

**F3 — Domains.** Condensed matter (superconductivity, fractional quantum Hall effect), biology (consciousness from neurons), chemistry (molecular properties from atomic physics), social systems (collective behavior from individual actions).

**F4 — Scale.** Atom (~10⁻¹⁰ m) → brain (~10⁻¹ m); electron (~10⁻¹⁵ m) → superconducting condensate (~10⁰ m).

**F5 — Falsifier.** Derivation of every higher-level regularity from micro-laws — a complete reduction of, e.g., superconductivity to single-electron quantum mechanics without introducing new concepts (Cooper pairs, collective modes). If reduction succeeds across all domains, emergence as a substantive claim fails.

**F6 — Rival (strongest form).** Emergence is a failure of current theory, not a feature of reality. “More is different” only because we lack the computational and conceptual tools to derive higher-level behavior from lower-level laws. Given infinite computational power and perfect knowledge of initial conditions, all higher-level regularities would be derivable. Emergence is epistemological (about us), not ontological (about the world). (Weinberg 1987 Dreams of a Final Theory; reductionist position. See also Bedau 1997 Weak Emergence for intermediate position.)

**F7 — Independence.** HIGH. Anderson (condensed matter physics, Bell Labs/Princeton, 1972), Laughlin (Nobel 1998, Stanford), Holland (computer science/complexity, Michigan/Santa Fe), Corning (systems biology, Stanford) — independent research programs. Anderson’s paper was a manifesto; the empirical phenomena (superconductivity, etc.) were established independently.

**F8 — Pattern type.** Structural.

**F9 — Maps.** A3 (pattern-dynamics), A9 (mathematical foundations).

---

## Corpus map
- Previous: [Convergence Encyclopedia: C20](/a/convergence-encyclopedia-c20)
- Next: [Convergence Encyclopedia: C22](/a/convergence-encyclopedia-c22)
- Encyclopedia start: [The Schema](/a/convergence-encyclopedia-schema)
- Same node, other planes: [Catalogue node C21](/a/oip-node-c21-emergence-more-is-different) · [Catalogue hub](/a/oip-convergence-public-article)
- Edges touching C21: [convergence edge 7](/a/oip-convergence-edge-7) · [disconfirming edge 3](/a/oip-disconfirming-edge-3)
- Kin corpora: [Total Structure](/a/oip-total-structure) · [Signature of the Grain](/a/oip-sog-preamble-axioms)
