---
slug: paper-bohm-d-1957-causality-and-chance-in-modern-physics
title: Bohm: Causality and Chance in Modern Physics (1957)
canonical: https://miscsubjects.com/a/paper-bohm-d-1957-causality-and-chance-in-modern-physics
---

## What Bohm Saw

David Bohm examined the roles of causality and chance across physics. He started from the observation that nothing in nature stays constant. Everything transforms through connections to prior states.

Bohm traced how classical physics treated the universe as a mechanism governed by precise laws. He then addressed quantum mechanics, where standard interpretations emphasized irreducible randomness.

Bohm proposed a causal interpretation that preserved determinism at deeper levels while accounting for statistical appearances.

## Core Results

The book establishes that causal laws define the essential properties of things rather than merely restricting them from outside. Predictions always involve ranges because any description omits further causes.

Bohm argued that apparent chance arises from incomplete specification of causes or from deeper, more complex layers of determination. He rejected both strict mechanism and pure indeterminism.

Causal relationships show one-to-many mappings. A given set of causes limits effects to a range of possibilities. Additional unspecified causes narrow the outcome.

## Exact Passages

Bohm states the foundational principle on page 1: “everything comes from other things and gives rise to other things.”

On causal laws as inherent, he writes that they “are inherent and essential aspects of these things” and constitute “a fundamental and inseparable aspect of its mode of being” (p. 10).

On one-to-many relations: “a specification of certain causes will in general limit the effect to a certain range of possibilities” and “they make possible only a one-to-many correspondence between cause and effect” (detailed discussion in Chapter 1).

These passages ground the claim that chance reflects limits of description rather than absence of order.

## Convergence Patterns

The work touches flow networks and memory through emphasis on historical and evolutionary processes that produce ordered structures from prior states.

It evidences underlying deterministic order beneath apparent indeterminism, aligning with patterns of branching, symmetry, and scale-invariant relations across domains.

Bohm links physical flows to emergent patterns by showing how causal laws operate at multiple levels, from particles to macroscopic behavior.

## Relation to OIP/GRAIN Synthesis

Bohm supports the grain idea that energy flows produce narrow families of structural patterns. His causal chains connect difference to structure and memory without invoking external imposition.

The Ladder receives indirect support through the progression from basic causal laws to complex, context-dependent outcomes that include living and cognitive phenomena.

The Mirror Layer finds resonance in the view that the observer’s description remains part of the causal web. No external vantage escapes the system.

## Distance from Full Synthesis

Bohm stops at physical and philosophical analysis of causality. He does not develop explicit protocols for object invocation or ledger-based replay.

The synthesis extends these ideas into computational and systemic loops. Bohm’s framework supplies the physical and ontological substrate but leaves the formal OIP mechanisms unstated.

## Honest Limits

The arguments rest on interpretive reconstruction of quantum theory. They faced rejection by the Copenhagen consensus of the era.

No experimental disproof existed in 1957; later tests of hidden variables remain debated. The book offers no quantitative predictions beyond the causal reinterpretation itself.

Later Bohm work on implicate order builds directly on these foundations yet introduces new terminology absent here.

/a/oip-the-ladder /a/oip-principles /a/oip-the-mirror-layer
