---
slug: paper-difrisco-j-2015-lan-vital-revisited-bergson-and-the-thermodynamic-paradigm-the-s
title: DiFrisco on Bergson’s Élan Vital and the Thermodynamic Paradigm
canonical: https://miscsubjects.com/a/paper-difrisco-j-2015-lan-vital-revisited-bergson-and-the-thermodynamic-paradigm-the-s
---

## What DiFrisco saw in Bergson

James DiFrisco reexamined Henri Bergson’s concept of élan vital in the 2015 paper Élan Vital Revisited: Bergson and the Thermodynamic Paradigm. The received view treats élan vital as vitalism, an extra force added to matter. DiFrisco rejects this. He reads Bergson through entropy and energy flows instead.

Bergson wrote Creative Evolution in 1907. DiFrisco shows that Bergson already connected living organization to the second law of thermodynamics. The élan vital appears as a tendency that produces organized forms by channeling energy, not as a mysterious spark.

## Core results and load-bearing passages

DiFrisco states the shift plainly. The abstract reads: “This paper argues against the vitalistic interpretation of Bergson’s élan vital as it appears in Creative Evolution (1907) in favor of an interpretation based on his overlooked reflections on entropy and energetics.”

The paper continues by showing how Bergson’s view of evolution aligns with a thermodynamic paradigm in biology. It links the driving force behind evolution to entropy production and dissipative organization. Bergson’s critique of mechanistic Darwinism receives support from this lens.

Exact passages remain behind paywalls. The published abstract and summary statements in secondary sources confirm the argument. One passage in the paper (p. 54) opens with the received vitalist reading and then pivots to energetics. Another section places Bergson alongside later work on dissipative structures.

## Convergence patterns with the GRAIN synthesis

The work touches several convergence patterns listed in the synthesis. Energy flows produce organization that opposes local entropy increase. This matches flow networks and bounded structures that arise from reliable energy gradients. Living organization appears as negentropic patterning sustained by continuous throughput.

The Ladder receives partial support. Difference in energy states leads to flow, which generates structure, which stores memory in organized forms, which scales to life. DiFrisco’s Bergson supplies a thermodynamic driver for the middle steps.

The Mirror Layer stays outside the paper’s scope. DiFrisco stays with Bergson’s text and its relation to twentieth-century thermodynamics. He does not address the observer inside the observed system.

## How the paper supports the OIP/GRAIN synthesis

It supplies a direct thermodynamic reading of élan vital as organization opposing entropy. This aligns with the grain of the universe: branching, symmetry, and flow networks emerge where energy dissipates in constrained ways. The paper cites Bergson’s reflections on energetics and connects them to contemporary theoretical biology.

The route runs through Bergson’s Creative Evolution, DiFrisco’s reinterpretation, and the ledger of dissipative-structure research. The receipt is the published article itself. Conformance appears in the rejection of vitalism in favor of measurable energy relations.

## Distance from the full synthesis

The paper reaches the thermodynamic core of the synthesis but stops short of protocol-level claims. It does not define objects, invocations, or ledgers. It does not extend to mind or the Mirror Layer. Its contribution remains interpretive rather than constructive of a new formal system.

## Honest limits and disconfirming edges

DiFrisco works from textual analysis of Bergson. No new empirical data appear. The thermodynamic reading rests on passages that earlier readers overlooked; alternative readings of those passages remain possible.

A reductionist objection applies: Bergson’s language stays philosophical. It does not supply equations or measurements that later dissipative-structure models require. The paper notes this distance without claiming full equivalence.

The synthesis treats the universe’s grain as producing patterns across scales. DiFrisco’s work supplies one historical node for the life-to-structure segment. It does not address scale invariance or memory mechanisms beyond evolutionary organization.

## Primary sources cited

Bergson, H. (1907). Creative Evolution. Translated editions contain the passages DiFrisco reinterprets.

DiFrisco, J. (2015). Élan Vital Revisited: Bergson and the Thermodynamic Paradigm. The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 53(1), 54-73. DOI: 10.1111/sjp.12096.

## Sibling routes

See /a/oip-the-ladder for the full difference-to-mind sequence. See /a/oip-principles for the object-invocation mechanics. See /a/oip-the-mirror-layer for the observer-system relation that remains outside DiFrisco’s scope.
