---
slug: thinker-garrett-hardin
title: Garrett Hardin: The Rival Position on Commons
canonical: https://miscsubjects.com/a/thinker-garrett-hardin
---

## What Hardin Saw
Garrett Hardin examined shared resources such as pastures and fisheries. He concluded that individual users increase extraction without limit when no owner restricts access. The result is depletion of the resource.

## Core Works and Passages
Hardin published the primary statement in 1968. The paper is titled "The Tragedy of the Commons" and appeared in Science volume 162 issue 3859 pages 1243-1248. One key passage states: "Each man is locked into a system that compels him to increase his herd without limit—in a world that is limited. Ruin is the destination toward which all men rush, each pursuing his own best interest in a society that believes in the freedom of the commons. Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all."

## Convergence Patterns Touched
Hardin addressed flow networks and bounded resources. He described extraction as a process that scales until the network collapses. The work does not map onto memory formation, self-governance structures, or scale-invariant cooperation.

## Distance from the Full Synthesis
Hardin occupies the position of explicit rival in the GRAIN framework. He asserted that commons require external central management or privatization. The synthesis instead points to empirical cases of sustained local self-governance. Sibling articles at /a/oip-the-ladder and /a/oip-principles locate the difference at the step from flow to memory and institutional rules.

## Honest Limits and Disconfirming Edges
Hardin supplied a logical model rather than field data on successful commons. Later work by Elinor Ostrom documented long-lived self-organized systems that avoid depletion without privatization or central command. The 1968 model therefore functions as a boundary case that the synthesis rejects on evidentiary grounds. No primary passage in Hardin anticipates the Ladder progression from difference through memory to stable institutions.
