---
slug: thinker-martha-nussbaum
title: Martha Nussbaum: Capabilities and the Grain
canonical: https://miscsubjects.com/a/thinker-martha-nussbaum
---

## What Nussbaum Saw

Martha Nussbaum developed the capabilities approach with Amartya Sen. The approach focuses on what people can actually do and be. It measures justice by real opportunities rather than resources or utility alone.

Core result: societies must secure a threshold of central capabilities for every person. These include life, bodily health, bodily integrity, senses and imagination, emotions, practical reason, affiliation, other species, play, and control over one's environment.

## Primary Works and Passages

Nussbaum, Martha C. 2000. *Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach*. Cambridge University Press. She lists the ten central capabilities in chapter 1 and argues each is a fundamental entitlement.

Nussbaum, Martha C. 2006. *Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership*. Harvard University Press. She extends the approach to disabled people, global justice, and nonhuman animals. Page 76-78 applies capabilities to disability.

Nussbaum, Martha C. 2011. *Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach*. Harvard University Press. She clarifies the list and its use for human development policy.

## Convergence Patterns Touched

The capabilities list names conditions that allow difference to become structured action. Practical reason and affiliation map to the Ladder step from memory to mind. Control over environment aligns with flow networks and bounded structures.

See /a/oip-the-ladder for the full sequence from difference to mind. See /a/oip-principles for how thresholds function as invariants.

## Distance from Full Synthesis

No source material links Nussbaum directly to the grain or energy-flow patterns. The gap remains explicit. Capabilities describe outcomes of structure and memory. They do not derive those outcomes from physical grain.

## Honest Limits and Disconfirming Edges

The approach stays inside human political ethics. It does not model nonhuman systems or physical invariants. Reductionist accounts of justice as resource allocation challenge the list as arbitrary. Nussbaum answers with dignity claims, yet the grounding stays philosophical rather than mechanistic.

## Mapping to Specific Patterns

Branching appears in the list's open texture: one capability supports others. Scale invariance shows in the claim that thresholds apply across nations and species. Memory and mind surface in practical reason and emotions.

The Mirror Layer holds because the reader judges capabilities from inside the same social structures. See /a/oip-final-testimony for end-to-end application of thresholds.

Capabilities remain a directional alignment with Ladder steps that produce agency. They supply no proof that energy flows generate those steps. The work stops at the political threshold.
