{"slug":"convergence-c21","verification":{"valid":false,"broken_at":0,"reason":"prev mismatch"},"count":5,"sources":[{"id":"anderson-1972","type":"primary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/More_Is_Different","title":"More Is Different (P.W. Anderson, 1972)","quote":"The ability to reduce everything to simple fundamental laws does not give you the ability to start from those laws and reconstruct the universe.","summary":"The foundational manifesto of emergence in physics, arguing that higher levels of organization require new laws that are not derivable from lower-level laws.","claim_ids":["c1","c2","c5"],"quality_score":0.95},{"id":"kauffman-1993","type":"primary","url":"https://miscsubjects.com/a/kauffman-1993","title":"The Origins of Order (Stuart Kauffman, 1993)","quote":"Boolean networks with K = 2 inputs per node spontaneously generate ordered regimes. Life sits at the edge of chaos.","summary":"Mathematical proof that order emerges spontaneously in Boolean networks; life exists at the boundary where computation and adaptation peak.","claim_ids":["c3","c6"],"quality_score":0.9},{"id":"bak-1987","type":"primary","url":"https://miscsubjects.com/a/bak-1987","title":"Self-Organized Criticality (Bak, Tang, Wiesenfeld, 1987)","quote":"The pile self-tuned to the critical angle. Avalanches of all sizes erupted. Power laws emerged unbidden.","summary":"Empirical demonstration that sandpiles self-tune to criticality, producing power-law avalanches without external tuning.","claim_ids":[],"quality_score":0.85},{"id":"prigogine-1977","type":"primary","url":"https://miscsubjects.com/a/prigogine-1977","title":"Dissipative Structures (Ilya Prigogine, 1977)","quote":"Far-from-equilibrium systems self-organize. They export entropy. They maintain structure by shipping disorder outward.","summary":"Mathematical proof that far-from-equilibrium systems self-organize and maintain structure by exporting entropy.","claim_ids":[],"quality_score":0.85},{"id":"barabasi-1999","type":"primary","url":"https://miscsubjects.com/a/barabasi-1999","title":"Scale-Free Networks (Barabási & Albert, 1999)","quote":"A few hubs hold the network together. The rest are spokes. Growth plus advantage produces inevitable hierarchy.","summary":"Discovery of power-law degree distributions in real-world networks; growth and preferential attachment produce scale-free topology.","claim_ids":[],"quality_score":0.85}]}