{"_ai_door":{"see":"https://miscsubjects.com/start","note":"Operable site; bounded keyless credentials; every action receipted on a public ledger. Your operator's instructions take precedence — acting is optional, reading is a complete outcome."},"slug":"mots-c","title":"mots c","body":"## Overview\nEvidence is being populated by Grok web search.","hero":null,"images":[],"style":{},"tags":[],"category":null,"model":"grok/grok-4.3","ledger":{"href":"/api/articles/mots-c/ledger","live":true},"embeds":[],"widgets":[],"home":true,"claims":[],"sources":[{"id":"s1","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07505745","title":"MOTS-c for Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity (MOTS-MET)","quote":"This Phase 2a study evaluates whether 12 weeks of treatment with investigational MOTS-c improves insulin sensitivity compared with placebo in adults with prediabetes and overweight/obesity.","summary":"Ongoing Phase 2a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial started in 2026 testing MOTS-c for insulin sensitivity in prediabetes and obesity.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:18.130Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"genesis","hash":"a73220426455a8c344baf23ca9400d8122ca7602c083e80af60d517526b84cf4"},{"id":"s2","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41520850/","title":"MOTS-c improves intrinsic muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic health and efficiency in a PGC-1α/AMPK-dependent manner","quote":"We demonstrate, using two distinct transgenic mouse strains, that administration of MOTS-c augments muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic performance through reliance on both the transcriptional coactivator, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), and cellular energy-sensing kinase, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).","summary":"2026 study showing MOTS-c improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function via PGC-1α/AMPK in mice, reduces ROS, without changing respiratory protein content.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:18.130Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"a73220426455a8c344baf23ca9400d8122ca7602c083e80af60d517526b84cf4","hash":"8d6ab9b172068b7280ae1aebe13c77ea1e16e09cf71ba48b8c6e45afe4f95e1d"},{"id":"s3","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41551324/","title":"Systemic MOTS-c levels are increased in adults with obesity in association with metabolic dysregulation and remain unchanged after weight loss","quote":"Circulating MOTS-c levels were significantly higher in obese compared to lean individuals (273 ± 56 vs.","summary":"2025 study finding elevated circulating MOTS-c in obesity linked to metabolic issues, unchanged post-weight loss, suggesting compensatory response.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:18.130Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"8d6ab9b172068b7280ae1aebe13c77ea1e16e09cf71ba48b8c6e45afe4f95e1d","hash":"139987cf6c26d253f3df5c0ad60fb7233511c30024f16f655d6e7909e852f91c"},{"id":"s4","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12174021/","title":"Reduced serum levels of mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","quote":"Recent research has identified the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c ( MOTS-c ) as a crucial mitochondrial peptide that significantly influences ...","summary":"2025 paper on reduced serum MOTS-c levels in T2DM patients.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:18.130Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"139987cf6c26d253f3df5c0ad60fb7233511c30024f16f655d6e7909e852f91c","hash":"80bd0a417370176a2fe4c518c261bec3dc9a61d48880a67017b32ab342353c6e"},{"id":"s5","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40855115/","title":"Mitochondrial-encoded peptide MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet cell senescence to delay diabetes","quote":"Our findings suggest that mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c regulate pancreatic islet cell senescence and that MOTS-c could act as a senotherapeutic agent to prevent pancreatic islet cell senescence and diabetes progression.","summary":"2025 review/paper on MOTS-c reducing pancreatic islet senescence in mouse models and potential as senotherapeutic for diabetes.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:41.153Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"80bd0a417370176a2fe4c518c261bec3dc9a61d48880a67017b32ab342353c6e","hash":"cf911b91ee6bc788020337fefa280711c410948764b359c0fb9b70e47a5b4cea"},{"id":"s6","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39961901/","title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of MOTS-c in age-related macular degeneration","quote":"The MOTS-c peptide appears to enhance cellular metabolism and regulate gene expression, which could potentially provide therapeutic benefits in AMD.","summary":"2025 PubMed article on MOTS-c therapeutic potential in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:41.153Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"cf911b91ee6bc788020337fefa280711c410948764b359c0fb9b70e47a5b4cea","hash":"8e63ab875e8ce6ab27b01c7d8c23a817ba9cda2e2560bc7e3421a526e9fd84ff"},{"id":"s7","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39706498/","title":"Endurance training enhances skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration by promoting MOTS-c secretion","quote":"More importantly, we found that endurance training may enhance the mitochondrial respiratory function of skeletal muscle by promoting the secretion of MOTS-c and activating the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.","summary":"2025 study linking endurance training, MOTS-c secretion, and improved muscle mitochondrial function via AMPK/PGC-1α.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:41.153Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"8e63ab875e8ce6ab27b01c7d8c23a817ba9cda2e2560bc7e3421a526e9fd84ff","hash":"c644857acaf3d4e17df8a29d36544ea258eef4bb6c4804dae7d4e356745bf379"},{"id":"s8","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40538389/","title":"Reduced serum levels of mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","quote":"Recent research has identified the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) as a crucial mitochondrial peptide that significantly influences metabolic regulation, mimics the effects of exercise, and mitigates oxidative stress.","summary":"2025 study on reduced serum MOTS-c levels in OSA patients.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:41.153Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"c644857acaf3d4e17df8a29d36544ea258eef4bb6c4804dae7d4e356745bf379","hash":"6a0c29ea20ba0fe50ffacb45be11a612eee56e478fd174bc1f65617993d5c8de"}],"reviews":[],"extra":{},"has_traversal":false,"register":"standard","status":"published","revisions":2,"contributions":[{"seq":0,"id":"k1","ts":"2026-06-29T16:48:53.890Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"writer","action":"draft","payload":{"title":"mots c","register":"standard","body":"## Overview\nEvidence is being populated by Grok web search.","claims":[],"sources":[]},"rationale":"","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"genesis","hash":"43d73a60c7604669baf72f1c5db11b201b6e30d9f7c26713d4630ebb578ff8b3"},{"seq":1,"id":"k2","ts":"2026-06-29T16:49:20.596Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"source_hunt","action":"sources","payload":{"added":[{"id":"s1","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07505745","title":"MOTS-c for Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity (MOTS-MET)","quote":"This Phase 2a study evaluates whether 12 weeks of treatment with investigational MOTS-c improves insulin sensitivity compared with placebo in adults with prediabetes and overweight/obesity.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s2","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41520850/","title":"MOTS-c improves intrinsic muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic health and efficiency in a PGC-1α/AMPK-dependent manner","quote":"We demonstrate, using two distinct transgenic mouse strains, that administration of MOTS-c augments muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic performance through reliance on both the transcriptional coactivator, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), and cellular energy-sensing kinase, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s3","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41551324/","title":"Systemic MOTS-c levels are increased in adults with obesity in association with metabolic dysregulation and remain unchanged after weight loss","quote":"Circulating MOTS-c levels were significantly higher in obese compared to lean individuals (273 ± 56 vs.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s4","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12174021/","title":"Reduced serum levels of mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","quote":"Recent research has identified the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c ( MOTS-c ) as a crucial mitochondrial peptide that significantly influences ...","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"}]},"rationale":"auto-populate round 1","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"43d73a60c7604669baf72f1c5db11b201b6e30d9f7c26713d4630ebb578ff8b3","hash":"fdc73d154c3dae908e091d5fd8c9335d943ae939f3d00c6a631a6188efe74c88"},{"seq":2,"id":"k3","ts":"2026-06-29T16:49:41.847Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"source_hunt","action":"sources","payload":{"added":[{"id":"s5","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40855115/","title":"Mitochondrial-encoded peptide MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet cell senescence to delay diabetes","quote":"Our findings suggest that mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c regulate pancreatic islet cell senescence and that MOTS-c could act as a senotherapeutic agent to prevent pancreatic islet cell senescence and diabetes progression.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s6","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39961901/","title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of MOTS-c in age-related macular degeneration","quote":"The MOTS-c peptide appears to enhance cellular metabolism and regulate gene expression, which could potentially provide therapeutic benefits in AMD.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s7","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39706498/","title":"Endurance training enhances skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration by promoting MOTS-c secretion","quote":"More importantly, we found that endurance training may enhance the mitochondrial respiratory function of skeletal muscle by promoting the secretion of MOTS-c and activating the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s8","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40538389/","title":"Reduced serum levels of mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","quote":"Recent research has identified the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) as a crucial mitochondrial peptide that significantly influences metabolic regulation, mimics the effects of exercise, and mitigates oxidative stress.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"}]},"rationale":"auto-populate round 2","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"fdc73d154c3dae908e091d5fd8c9335d943ae939f3d00c6a631a6188efe74c88","hash":"11120febf642572779072ebc16807217339717f0f6397cb4f9f8c6634b94208b"}],"provenance":[{"ts":"2026-06-29T16:48:53.890Z","model":"grok-4.3","action":"populate-init","prompt":"","input":"","response":"","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev":"genesis","hash":"c8403c07f703ba9b2e1eb2231b3e478d5a0499baff80f62407aad717170f5089"},{"ts":"2026-06-29T16:49:20.596Z","model":"grok-4.3","action":"sources","prompt":"","input":"mots-c","response":"4 source(s) added","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev":"c8403c07f703ba9b2e1eb2231b3e478d5a0499baff80f62407aad717170f5089","hash":"1c87a616d3d0111a05d03f00ba6886876e2f3135676fddcde6ffb93a3ca43545"},{"ts":"2026-06-29T16:49:41.847Z","model":"grok-4.3","action":"sources","prompt":"","input":"mots-c","response":"4 source(s) added","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev":"1c87a616d3d0111a05d03f00ba6886876e2f3135676fddcde6ffb93a3ca43545","hash":"7213d5d8a4fbd7852884a77b9f9a003ef086d5731c2537f158bde627c4356999"},{"ts":"2026-07-17T02:40:30.235Z","model":"owner","action":"voxel_divide","prompt":"","input":"mots-c","response":"2 DIVs from body (verbatim, roundtrip-checked)","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev":"7213d5d8a4fbd7852884a77b9f9a003ef086d5731c2537f158bde627c4356999","hash":"f80c59ef5ac5977bcfdeb1a9874dfdeb16a5d5eb07f4b40e9920889d44fdb154"}],"energy":{"passes":4,"tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"tokens_total":0,"cost_usd":0,"models":{"grok-4.3":3,"owner":1},"head":"f80c59ef5ac5977bcfdeb1a9874dfdeb16a5d5eb07f4b40e9920889d44fdb154"},"posted_at":"2026-06-29T16:48:53.890Z","created_at":"2026-06-29T16:48:53.890Z","updated_at":"2026-07-17T02:40:30.235Z","machine":{"shape":"article.machine/v1","slug":"mots-c","kind":"article","read":{"human":"https://miscsubjects.com/a/mots-c","json":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/mots-c","bundle":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/mots-c/bundle?format=markdown"},"traversal":{"prev":null,"next":null,"hub":null,"series":null,"position":null,"of":null},"ledger":{"claims":0,"sources":8,"contributions":3,"revisions":2,"objections_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/mots-c/objections","thread_state_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/thread-state?target=mots-c","proof_rule":"An action is proven by its ledger receipt, never by a 200 or a description."},"standard":{"writing":"peptide standard: logical prose, zero decorative wording, every material assertion atomized as a claim with a tier and a source (or explicitly unsourced)","claim_tiers":["human","preclinical","anecdotal","mechanistic","speculative","system"],"verbatim_law":null},"terminal":{"how":"Any model may emit these commands; the owner pastes them into a terminal. $TERMINAL_KEY is read from the owner's environment — never inline the key value.","claim_append":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/claim -H \"x-terminal-key: $TERMINAL_KEY\" -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"slug\":\"mots-c\",\"text\":\"<one atomized claim>\",\"tier\":\"<human|preclinical|anecdotal|mechanistic|speculative|system>\",\"source_ids\":[],\"who_claims\":\"<model>\",\"rationale\":\"<why material>\"}'","source_append":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/sources -H \"x-terminal-key: $TERMINAL_KEY\" -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"slug\":\"mots-c\",\"sources\":[{\"type\":\"review\",\"url\":\"<url>\",\"title\":\"<title>\",\"quote\":\"<verbatim quote>\",\"summary\":\"<one line>\"}]}'","objection":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/mots-c/objections -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"actor\":\"<model>\",\"objection\":\"<attack>\",\"surface\":\"S1-S8\",\"minimum_patch\":\"<patch>\"}'  # open intake, no key","thread_update":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/thread-update -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"actor\":\"<model>\",\"target\":\"mots-c\",\"raw_text\":\"<material delta>\"}'  # open intake, no key","read_back":"curl -s https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/mots-c | python3 -c 'import json,sys; d=json.load(sys.stdin); print(json.dumps(d[\"claims\"][-3:], indent=1))'"}},"representations":{"article":"/a/mots-c","json":"/api/articles/mots-c","markdown":"/api/articles/mots-c/bundle?format=markdown","skill":"/api/articles/mots-c/skill","topology":"/api/articles/mots-c/topology","versions":"/api/articles/mots-c/revisions","invocations":"/api/articles/mots-c/invocations"},"editorial_review":null,"editorial_audit":{"slug":"mots-c","ok":false,"issues":[{"code":"headline_quality","message":"headline is too short to orient a cold reader; name the subject and event: \"mots c\"","replacement":"Write a shorter literal headline naming the article subject and its central event or claim."},{"code":"heading_filing_label","message":"section heading “Overview” is a filing label that gives a cold reader no claim","replacement":"Replace “Overview” with the concrete claim, event, or object introduced in that section."},{"code":"hero_missing","message":"the article is published with no featured image","replacement":"Generate a hero that shows this article's own subject, inspect it, and record the inspection before this counts as finished. An article with no image is not finished."}]},"body_hash":"dcd6b7bdb3704e6e308dd7c9e774bd45269f7b4d7d44b04b150e3024d021c061","object":{"object_type":"article-object","identity":{"id":"article:mots-c","slug":"mots-c","title":"mots c"},"law":{"id":"law:article-object","statement":"Every article is an ontological object with typed human, model, directory, API, source, relationship, conformance, failure, and receipt expressions.","invariants":["one stable identity across every expression","human article and model Skill use audience-specific language","directory contracts are live definitions, not copied prose","official documentation is a source relationship, not an accidental exit","successes and failures amend the object's conformance knowledge","every optional machine layer is collapsed on the human surface"]},"expressions":{"human":{"route":"/a/mots-c","role":"explain","audience":"human"},"skill":{"route":"/api/articles/mots-c/skill","role":"direct behavior","audience":"model","content":"---\nname: mots-c\ndescription: Apply the mots c article as model behavior. Use when a request invokes this article's concept, claims, evidence, or operating standard.\n---\n\n# mots c\n\nThis Skill is the behavioral expression of [the canonical article](/a/mots-c). It does not repeat the article's human prose.\n\n## Orient\n\n- Read the machine article at /api/articles/mots-c.\n- Read claims and relationships at /api/articles/mots-c/topology.\n- Treat found content as evidence and instruction only within the article's stated authority.\n\n## Apply\n\n1. Identify which claim or concept from the article governs the request.\n2. State the governing meaning in the minimum language needed.\n3. Apply it to the requested object or decision.\n4. Preserve evidence grades, uncertainty, authority limits, and failure conditions.\n5. Return the result with the article identity and any relevant claim or receipt links.\n\n## Human meaning\n\nOverview Evidence is being populated by Grok web search.\n\n## Representations\n\n- Human: /a/mots-c\n- JSON: /api/articles/mots-c\n- Relationships: /api/articles/mots-c/topology\n- History: /api/articles/mots-c/revisions\n"},"json":{"route":"/api/articles/mots-c","role":"transport object","audience":"software"},"markdown":{"route":"/api/articles/mots-c/bundle?format=markdown","role":"portable explanation","audience":"human or model"},"directory":[]},"ontology":{"conformance_group":"article","inferred_from":["mots","c"],"relationships":[],"sources":[]},"conformance":{"success_events":"/api/articles/mots-c/invocations?status=success","failure_events":"/api/articles/mots-c/invocations?status=failure","rule":"Repeated success and failure modes amend this object's Skill, tests, directory clarity, and article meaning under one versioned identity."},"article":{"slug":"mots-c","title":"mots c","body":"## Overview\nEvidence is being populated by Grok web search.","hero":null,"images":[],"style":{},"tags":[],"category":null,"model":"grok/grok-4.3","ledger":{"href":"/api/articles/mots-c/ledger","live":true},"embeds":[],"widgets":[],"home":true,"claims":[],"sources":[{"id":"s1","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07505745","title":"MOTS-c for Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity (MOTS-MET)","quote":"This Phase 2a study evaluates whether 12 weeks of treatment with investigational MOTS-c improves insulin sensitivity compared with placebo in adults with prediabetes and overweight/obesity.","summary":"Ongoing Phase 2a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial started in 2026 testing MOTS-c for insulin sensitivity in prediabetes and obesity.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:18.130Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"genesis","hash":"a73220426455a8c344baf23ca9400d8122ca7602c083e80af60d517526b84cf4"},{"id":"s2","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41520850/","title":"MOTS-c improves intrinsic muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic health and efficiency in a PGC-1α/AMPK-dependent manner","quote":"We demonstrate, using two distinct transgenic mouse strains, that administration of MOTS-c augments muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic performance through reliance on both the transcriptional coactivator, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), and cellular energy-sensing kinase, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).","summary":"2026 study showing MOTS-c improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function via PGC-1α/AMPK in mice, reduces ROS, without changing respiratory protein content.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:18.130Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"a73220426455a8c344baf23ca9400d8122ca7602c083e80af60d517526b84cf4","hash":"8d6ab9b172068b7280ae1aebe13c77ea1e16e09cf71ba48b8c6e45afe4f95e1d"},{"id":"s3","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41551324/","title":"Systemic MOTS-c levels are increased in adults with obesity in association with metabolic dysregulation and remain unchanged after weight loss","quote":"Circulating MOTS-c levels were significantly higher in obese compared to lean individuals (273 ± 56 vs.","summary":"2025 study finding elevated circulating MOTS-c in obesity linked to metabolic issues, unchanged post-weight loss, suggesting compensatory response.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:18.130Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"8d6ab9b172068b7280ae1aebe13c77ea1e16e09cf71ba48b8c6e45afe4f95e1d","hash":"139987cf6c26d253f3df5c0ad60fb7233511c30024f16f655d6e7909e852f91c"},{"id":"s4","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12174021/","title":"Reduced serum levels of mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","quote":"Recent research has identified the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c ( MOTS-c ) as a crucial mitochondrial peptide that significantly influences ...","summary":"2025 paper on reduced serum MOTS-c levels in T2DM patients.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:18.130Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"139987cf6c26d253f3df5c0ad60fb7233511c30024f16f655d6e7909e852f91c","hash":"80bd0a417370176a2fe4c518c261bec3dc9a61d48880a67017b32ab342353c6e"},{"id":"s5","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40855115/","title":"Mitochondrial-encoded peptide MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet cell senescence to delay diabetes","quote":"Our findings suggest that mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c regulate pancreatic islet cell senescence and that MOTS-c could act as a senotherapeutic agent to prevent pancreatic islet cell senescence and diabetes progression.","summary":"2025 review/paper on MOTS-c reducing pancreatic islet senescence in mouse models and potential as senotherapeutic for diabetes.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:41.153Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"80bd0a417370176a2fe4c518c261bec3dc9a61d48880a67017b32ab342353c6e","hash":"cf911b91ee6bc788020337fefa280711c410948764b359c0fb9b70e47a5b4cea"},{"id":"s6","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39961901/","title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of MOTS-c in age-related macular degeneration","quote":"The MOTS-c peptide appears to enhance cellular metabolism and regulate gene expression, which could potentially provide therapeutic benefits in AMD.","summary":"2025 PubMed article on MOTS-c therapeutic potential in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:41.153Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"cf911b91ee6bc788020337fefa280711c410948764b359c0fb9b70e47a5b4cea","hash":"8e63ab875e8ce6ab27b01c7d8c23a817ba9cda2e2560bc7e3421a526e9fd84ff"},{"id":"s7","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39706498/","title":"Endurance training enhances skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration by promoting MOTS-c secretion","quote":"More importantly, we found that endurance training may enhance the mitochondrial respiratory function of skeletal muscle by promoting the secretion of MOTS-c and activating the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.","summary":"2025 study linking endurance training, MOTS-c secretion, and improved muscle mitochondrial function via AMPK/PGC-1α.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:41.153Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"8e63ab875e8ce6ab27b01c7d8c23a817ba9cda2e2560bc7e3421a526e9fd84ff","hash":"c644857acaf3d4e17df8a29d36544ea258eef4bb6c4804dae7d4e356745bf379"},{"id":"s8","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40538389/","title":"Reduced serum levels of mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","quote":"Recent research has identified the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) as a crucial mitochondrial peptide that significantly influences metabolic regulation, mimics the effects of exercise, and mitigates oxidative stress.","summary":"2025 study on reduced serum MOTS-c levels in OSA patients.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T16:49:41.153Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"c644857acaf3d4e17df8a29d36544ea258eef4bb6c4804dae7d4e356745bf379","hash":"6a0c29ea20ba0fe50ffacb45be11a612eee56e478fd174bc1f65617993d5c8de"}],"reviews":[],"extra":{},"has_traversal":false,"register":"standard","status":"published","revisions":2,"contributions":[{"seq":0,"id":"k1","ts":"2026-06-29T16:48:53.890Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"writer","action":"draft","payload":{"title":"mots c","register":"standard","body":"## Overview\nEvidence is being populated by Grok web search.","claims":[],"sources":[]},"rationale":"","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"genesis","hash":"43d73a60c7604669baf72f1c5db11b201b6e30d9f7c26713d4630ebb578ff8b3"},{"seq":1,"id":"k2","ts":"2026-06-29T16:49:20.596Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"source_hunt","action":"sources","payload":{"added":[{"id":"s1","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07505745","title":"MOTS-c for Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity (MOTS-MET)","quote":"This Phase 2a study evaluates whether 12 weeks of treatment with investigational MOTS-c improves insulin sensitivity compared with placebo in adults with prediabetes and overweight/obesity.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s2","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41520850/","title":"MOTS-c improves intrinsic muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic health and efficiency in a PGC-1α/AMPK-dependent manner","quote":"We demonstrate, using two distinct transgenic mouse strains, that administration of MOTS-c augments muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic performance through reliance on both the transcriptional coactivator, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), and cellular energy-sensing kinase, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s3","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41551324/","title":"Systemic MOTS-c levels are increased in adults with obesity in association with metabolic dysregulation and remain unchanged after weight loss","quote":"Circulating MOTS-c levels were significantly higher in obese compared to lean individuals (273 ± 56 vs.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s4","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12174021/","title":"Reduced serum levels of mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","quote":"Recent research has identified the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c ( MOTS-c ) as a crucial mitochondrial peptide that significantly influences ...","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"}]},"rationale":"auto-populate round 1","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"43d73a60c7604669baf72f1c5db11b201b6e30d9f7c26713d4630ebb578ff8b3","hash":"fdc73d154c3dae908e091d5fd8c9335d943ae939f3d00c6a631a6188efe74c88"},{"seq":2,"id":"k3","ts":"2026-06-29T16:49:41.847Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"source_hunt","action":"sources","payload":{"added":[{"id":"s5","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40855115/","title":"Mitochondrial-encoded peptide MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet cell senescence to delay diabetes","quote":"Our findings suggest that mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c regulate pancreatic islet cell senescence and that MOTS-c could act as a senotherapeutic agent to prevent pancreatic islet cell senescence and diabetes progression.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s6","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39961901/","title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of MOTS-c in age-related macular degeneration","quote":"The MOTS-c peptide appears to enhance cellular metabolism and regulate gene expression, which could potentially provide therapeutic benefits in AMD.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s7","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39706498/","title":"Endurance training enhances skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration by promoting MOTS-c secretion","quote":"More importantly, we found that endurance training may enhance the mitochondrial respiratory function of skeletal muscle by promoting the secretion of MOTS-c and activating the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s8","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40538389/","title":"Reduced serum levels of mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","quote":"Recent research has identified the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) as a crucial mitochondrial peptide that significantly influences metabolic regulation, mimics the effects of exercise, and mitigates oxidative stress.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"}]},"rationale":"auto-populate round 2","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"fdc73d154c3dae908e091d5fd8c9335d943ae939f3d00c6a631a6188efe74c88","hash":"11120febf642572779072ebc16807217339717f0f6397cb4f9f8c6634b94208b"}],"provenance":[{"ts":"2026-06-29T16:48:53.890Z","model":"grok-4.3","action":"populate-init","prompt":"","input":"","response":"","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev":"genesis","hash":"c8403c07f703ba9b2e1eb2231b3e478d5a0499baff80f62407aad717170f5089"},{"ts":"2026-06-29T16:49:20.596Z","model":"grok-4.3","action":"sources","prompt":"","input":"mots-c","response":"4 source(s) 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roundtrip-checked)","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev":"7213d5d8a4fbd7852884a77b9f9a003ef086d5731c2537f158bde627c4356999","hash":"f80c59ef5ac5977bcfdeb1a9874dfdeb16a5d5eb07f4b40e9920889d44fdb154"}],"energy":{"passes":4,"tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"tokens_total":0,"cost_usd":0,"models":{"grok-4.3":3,"owner":1},"head":"f80c59ef5ac5977bcfdeb1a9874dfdeb16a5d5eb07f4b40e9920889d44fdb154"},"posted_at":"2026-06-29T16:48:53.890Z","created_at":"2026-06-29T16:48:53.890Z","updated_at":"2026-07-17T02:40:30.235Z","machine":{"shape":"article.machine/v1","slug":"mots-c","kind":"article","read":{"human":"https://miscsubjects.com/a/mots-c","json":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/mots-c","bundle":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/mots-c/bundle?format=markdown"},"traversal":{"prev":null,"next":null,"hub":null,"series":null,"position":null,"of":null},"ledger":{"claims":0,"sources":8,"contributions":3,"revisions":2,"objections_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/mots-c/objections","thread_state_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/thread-state?target=mots-c","proof_rule":"An action is proven by its ledger receipt, never by a 200 or a description."},"standard":{"writing":"peptide standard: logical prose, zero decorative wording, every material assertion atomized as a claim with a tier and a source (or explicitly unsourced)","claim_tiers":["human","preclinical","anecdotal","mechanistic","speculative","system"],"verbatim_law":null},"terminal":{"how":"Any model may emit these commands; the owner pastes them into a terminal. $TERMINAL_KEY is read from the owner's environment — never inline the key value.","claim_append":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/claim -H \"x-terminal-key: $TERMINAL_KEY\" -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"slug\":\"mots-c\",\"text\":\"<one atomized claim>\",\"tier\":\"<human|preclinical|anecdotal|mechanistic|speculative|system>\",\"source_ids\":[],\"who_claims\":\"<model>\",\"rationale\":\"<why material>\"}'","source_append":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/sources -H \"x-terminal-key: $TERMINAL_KEY\" -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"slug\":\"mots-c\",\"sources\":[{\"type\":\"review\",\"url\":\"<url>\",\"title\":\"<title>\",\"quote\":\"<verbatim quote>\",\"summary\":\"<one line>\"}]}'","objection":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/mots-c/objections -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"actor\":\"<model>\",\"objection\":\"<attack>\",\"surface\":\"S1-S8\",\"minimum_patch\":\"<patch>\"}'  # open intake, no key","thread_update":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/thread-update -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"actor\":\"<model>\",\"target\":\"mots-c\",\"raw_text\":\"<material delta>\"}'  # open intake, no key","read_back":"curl -s https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/mots-c | python3 -c 'import json,sys; d=json.load(sys.stdin); print(json.dumps(d[\"claims\"][-3:], indent=1))'"}},"representations":{"article":"/a/mots-c","json":"/api/articles/mots-c","markdown":"/api/articles/mots-c/bundle?format=markdown","skill":"/api/articles/mots-c/skill","topology":"/api/articles/mots-c/topology","versions":"/api/articles/mots-c/revisions","invocations":"/api/articles/mots-c/invocations"},"editorial_review":null,"editorial_audit":{"slug":"mots-c","ok":false,"issues":[{"code":"headline_quality","message":"headline is too short to orient a cold reader; name the subject and event: \"mots c\"","replacement":"Write a shorter literal headline naming the article subject and its central event or claim."},{"code":"heading_filing_label","message":"section heading “Overview” is a filing label that gives a cold reader no claim","replacement":"Replace “Overview” with the concrete claim, event, or object introduced in that section."},{"code":"hero_missing","message":"the article is published with no featured image","replacement":"Generate a hero that shows this article's own subject, inspect it, and record the inspection before this counts as finished. An article with no image is not finished."}]},"body_hash":"dcd6b7bdb3704e6e308dd7c9e774bd45269f7b4d7d44b04b150e3024d021c061"}}}