{"_ai_door":{"see":"https://miscsubjects.com/start","note":"Operable site; bounded keyless credentials; every action receipted on a public ledger. Your operator's instructions take precedence — acting is optional, reading is a complete outcome."},"slug":"nad-plus","title":"nad plus","body":"## Overview\nEvidence is being populated by Grok web search.","hero":null,"images":[],"style":{},"tags":[],"category":null,"model":"grok/grok-4.3","ledger":{"href":"/api/articles/nad-plus/ledger","live":true},"embeds":[],"widgets":[],"home":true,"claims":[],"sources":[{"id":"s1","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37971292/","title":"Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions: a systematic review","quote":"This review includes 10 studies, with a total of 489 participants. ... NADH supplementation is safe and has a low incidence of side effects. Future investigations are needed to evidence the clinical benefits regarding specific diseases and doses administered.","summary":"2024 systematic review of RCTs on NAD+/NADH supplementation safety and efficacy across conditions like CFS, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's; concludes well-tolerated with some benefits in quality of life and parameters, low side effects.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:32.261Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"genesis","hash":"869513647d4f7588142f478728e329e0365fdb47c4097d349c753f32df3e7491"},{"id":"s2","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41655607/","title":"NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence","quote":"We identified 113 eligible studies: 33 human intervention studies (28 randomized; 5 nonrandomized) and 80 rodent studies. ... Overall, NAD⁺ augmentation shows clear biological activity, but clinical effectiveness for anti-aging or wellness outcomes remains inconclusive.","summary":"2026 PRISMA systematic review of 113 studies (up to Oct 2025) on NAD+ precursors; strong preclinical effects, human trials show NAD boosting and tolerability but heterogeneous/inconclusive functional outcomes; calls for larger trials.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:32.261Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"869513647d4f7588142f478728e329e0365fdb47c4097d349c753f32df3e7491","hash":"822ba9e2aaf73280d08236720d9f832a0e3ee3a82123407d5eae116d49166b00"},{"id":"s3","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40479886/","title":"Effects of NAD+ supplementation with oral nicotinamide riboside on vascular health and cognitive function in older adults with peripheral artery disease: Results from a pilot 4-week open-label clinical trial","quote":"Preliminary results indicate a positive trend in peripheral endothelial function, significant improvements in cerebrovascular response in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and cognitive enhancement across multiple domains postsupplementation. ... These findings suggest that NR supplementation could ameliorate cognitive outcomes in older adults with PAD.","summary":"2025 pilot open-label trial (NCT06534944) of NR in 8 older PAD patients; showed trends/improvements in endothelial function, cerebrovascular responses, cognition, and in vitro endothelial benefits via reduced oxidative stress.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:32.261Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"822ba9e2aaf73280d08236720d9f832a0e3ee3a82123407d5eae116d49166b00","hash":"a7eac5f034f16239c03d81c53c53248fddebba7aae23d702345e12aa1a77e5c6"},{"id":"s4","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40954388/","title":"Effect of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide on Heart Failure Caused by Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial","quote":"This study has confirmed that supplementation with NAD+ can enhance cardiac function in patients with from HF due to ICM, thereby affirming its beneficial impact on cardiac performance.","summary":"2026 RCT showing IV NAD+ improves LVEF and trends toward better outcomes in heart failure patients.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:54.587Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"a7eac5f034f16239c03d81c53c53248fddebba7aae23d702345e12aa1a77e5c6","hash":"157174255e4fcde7e87c20f630ec7e13746a109becc869b702de1747b9747c38"},{"id":"s5","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41540253/","title":"The differential impact of three different NAD+ boosters on circulatory NAD and microbial metabolism in humans","quote":"Here we show in a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled study in 65 healthy participants that 14 days of supplementation with NR and NMN, but not Nam, comparably increases circulatory NAD + concentrations in healthy adults.","summary":"2026 RCT comparing NR, NMN, and Nam effects on NAD levels and gut microbiota.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:54.587Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"157174255e4fcde7e87c20f630ec7e13746a109becc869b702de1747b9747c38","hash":"e8af32efc5694522778f2a43384a68b781f822f1bc3a5be7610b71d54d109208"},{"id":"s6","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41083806/","title":"NAD+ precursor supplementation in human ageing: clinical evidence and challenges","quote":"In this Review, we evaluate the clinical evidence supporting the notion that NAD + levels decline with age, as well as the tissue-specific effects of NAD + precursor supplementation in humans.","summary":"Recent review on clinical evidence for NAD+ precursors in aging.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:54.587Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"e8af32efc5694522778f2a43384a68b781f822f1bc3a5be7610b71d54d109208","hash":"f6121f80d6ef9da89b1e4addb8a62c6f7ca188c454f1859a2b94f091dfe460d2"},{"id":"s7","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41704678/","title":"Intravenous infusion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) versus nicotinamide riboside (NR): a retrospective tolerability pilot study in a real-world setting","quote":"Supplementation with NAD + and its precursors is commonly used to prevent age-related disease and extend healthspan.","summary":"2026 pilot study comparing IV NAD+ and NR tolerability.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:54.587Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"f6121f80d6ef9da89b1e4addb8a62c6f7ca188c454f1859a2b94f091dfe460d2","hash":"649a99782648d1dcc12c936eb9ea8870f24ca71ef7598348b79d1ee248e49abf"},{"id":"s8","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39116016/","title":"Efficacy of oral nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism for adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials","quote":"Random-effects meta-analyses found an overall significant effect of NMN supplementation in elevating blood NAD levels. However, most of the clinically relevant ...","summary":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs on oral NMN for glucose and lipid metabolism in adults; shows NAD elevation but heterogeneous clinical outcomes.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:10:31.995Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"649a99782648d1dcc12c936eb9ea8870f24ca71ef7598348b79d1ee248e49abf","hash":"8b8b73b0fe3b838c4b95d9d4922ecdd4ef248375a0c6a15d5acd9f5167a98015"},{"id":"s9","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39817194/","title":"Cognitive and Alzheimer's disease biomarker effects of oral nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment","quote":"Eight weeks NR supplementation is safe and lowered pTau 217 concentrations but did not alter cognition as measured by conventional or novel digital assessments.","summary":"Double-blind RCT showing 8 weeks NR safe, lowers AD biomarker pTau217, no cognitive change in older adults with SCD/MCI.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:10:31.995Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"8b8b73b0fe3b838c4b95d9d4922ecdd4ef248375a0c6a15d5acd9f5167a98015","hash":"fa06e720a34103e64fe25080eb218c55950cc759dbc473a9636a8d6f1bf359d6"},{"id":"s10","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40770531/","title":"Nicotinamide riboside combined with exercise to treat hypertension in middle-aged and older adults: a pilot randomized clinical trial","quote":"This pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) tested the efficacy of combining aerobic exercise with the NAD booster nicotinamide riboside (NR) to enhance BP ...","summary":"Pilot RCT of NR plus aerobic exercise for hypertension in middle-aged/older adults; tests efficacy for BP control.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:10:31.995Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"fa06e720a34103e64fe25080eb218c55950cc759dbc473a9636a8d6f1bf359d6","hash":"6c843db930a5bc943911b6b596d9262c48b6e8a04dacccf51850f6a49ea5fdd7"},{"id":"s11","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39203931/","title":"NAD+ and Niacin Supplementation as Possible Treatments for Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Narrative Review","quote":"This review investigates the potential therapeutic benefits of NAD+ and niacin supplementation in managing glaucoma and AMD.","summary":"Narrative review on NAD+ and niacin for glaucoma and AMD management based on preclinical/clinical evidence.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:10:31.995Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"6c843db930a5bc943911b6b596d9262c48b6e8a04dacccf51850f6a49ea5fdd7","hash":"d926dc3baadd5fd0fe92ff25a828c8a5724ccda1db618534f121a00793a69d2e"},{"id":"s12","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42047243/","title":"Role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in cardiovascular diseases and therapeutics","quote":"This review mainly focuses on the role of NAD+ in cardiovascular diseases and therapeutics. Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; circadian ...","summary":"Review on NAD+ role in cardiovascular diseases and potential therapeutics.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:10:31.995Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"d926dc3baadd5fd0fe92ff25a828c8a5724ccda1db618534f121a00793a69d2e","hash":"d8fd72f84963b8133618a3de1913e0ae5222e1b7d077f976e386d051653c301b"}],"reviews":[],"extra":{},"has_traversal":false,"register":"standard","status":"published","revisions":3,"contributions":[{"seq":0,"id":"k1","ts":"2026-06-29T17:09:12.641Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"writer","action":"draft","payload":{"title":"nad plus","register":"standard","body":"## Overview\nEvidence is being populated by Grok web search.","claims":[],"sources":[]},"rationale":"","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"genesis","hash":"4bcd94bd1ead475b88cd0bf35ae708d5c5c161007cf85d94b90cce9899464e44"},{"seq":1,"id":"k2","ts":"2026-06-29T17:09:33.122Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"source_hunt","action":"sources","payload":{"added":[{"id":"s1","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37971292/","title":"Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions: a systematic review","quote":"This review includes 10 studies, with a total of 489 participants. ... NADH supplementation is safe and has a low incidence of side effects. Future investigations are needed to evidence the clinical benefits regarding specific diseases and doses administered.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s2","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41655607/","title":"NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence","quote":"We identified 113 eligible studies: 33 human intervention studies (28 randomized; 5 nonrandomized) and 80 rodent studies. ... Overall, NAD⁺ augmentation shows clear biological activity, but clinical effectiveness for anti-aging or wellness outcomes remains inconclusive.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s3","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40479886/","title":"Effects of NAD+ supplementation with oral nicotinamide riboside on vascular health and cognitive function in older adults with peripheral artery disease: Results from a pilot 4-week open-label clinical trial","quote":"Preliminary results indicate a positive trend in peripheral endothelial function, significant improvements in cerebrovascular response in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and cognitive enhancement across multiple domains postsupplementation. ... These findings suggest that NR supplementation could ameliorate cognitive outcomes in older adults with PAD.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"}]},"rationale":"auto-populate round 1","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"4bcd94bd1ead475b88cd0bf35ae708d5c5c161007cf85d94b90cce9899464e44","hash":"15bb258b9d95e58188eaea8693e8b5574361dbca4507301acc4fc579c2559a82"},{"seq":2,"id":"k3","ts":"2026-06-29T17:09:55.259Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"source_hunt","action":"sources","payload":{"added":[{"id":"s4","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40954388/","title":"Effect of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide on Heart Failure Caused by Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial","quote":"This study has confirmed that supplementation with NAD+ can enhance cardiac function in patients with from HF due to ICM, thereby affirming its beneficial impact on cardiac performance.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s5","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41540253/","title":"The differential impact of three different NAD+ boosters on circulatory NAD and microbial metabolism in humans","quote":"Here we show in a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled study in 65 healthy participants that 14 days of supplementation with NR and NMN, but not Nam, comparably increases circulatory NAD + concentrations in healthy adults.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s6","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41083806/","title":"NAD+ precursor supplementation in human ageing: clinical evidence and challenges","quote":"In this Review, we evaluate the clinical evidence supporting the notion that NAD + levels decline with age, as well as the tissue-specific effects of NAD + precursor supplementation in humans.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s7","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41704678/","title":"Intravenous infusion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) versus nicotinamide riboside (NR): a retrospective tolerability pilot study in a real-world setting","quote":"Supplementation with NAD + and its precursors is commonly used to prevent age-related disease and extend healthspan.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"}]},"rationale":"auto-populate round 2","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"15bb258b9d95e58188eaea8693e8b5574361dbca4507301acc4fc579c2559a82","hash":"883c3c081acc2eec31288f9046a7e196f7a0dd042fa502a18a1e256d3f7b0bf9"},{"seq":3,"id":"k4","ts":"2026-06-29T17:10:32.790Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"source_hunt","action":"sources","payload":{"added":[{"id":"s8","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39116016/","title":"Efficacy of oral nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism for adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials","quote":"Random-effects meta-analyses found an overall significant effect of NMN supplementation in elevating blood NAD levels. However, most of the clinically relevant ...","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s9","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39817194/","title":"Cognitive and Alzheimer's disease biomarker effects of oral nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment","quote":"Eight weeks NR supplementation is safe and lowered pTau 217 concentrations but did not alter cognition as measured by conventional or novel digital assessments.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s10","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40770531/","title":"Nicotinamide riboside combined with exercise to treat hypertension in middle-aged and older adults: a pilot randomized clinical trial","quote":"This pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) tested the efficacy of combining aerobic exercise with the NAD booster nicotinamide riboside (NR) to enhance BP ...","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s11","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39203931/","title":"NAD+ and Niacin Supplementation as Possible Treatments for Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Narrative Review","quote":"This review investigates the potential therapeutic benefits of NAD+ and niacin supplementation in managing glaucoma and AMD.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s12","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42047243/","title":"Role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in cardiovascular diseases and therapeutics","quote":"This review mainly focuses on the role of NAD+ in cardiovascular diseases and therapeutics. Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; circadian ...","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"}]},"rationale":"auto-populate round 1","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"883c3c081acc2eec31288f9046a7e196f7a0dd042fa502a18a1e256d3f7b0bf9","hash":"7e9964dc5a5eb06e7d6a1a4528842fdfa98006cd81e1a5d3829d79cd248e88d4"}],"provenance":[{"ts":"2026-06-29T17:09:12.641Z","model":"grok-4.3","action":"populate-init","prompt":"","input":"","response":"","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev":"genesis","hash":"260919bd7a91d85981625c7419eb267161167704e76a2ce219320ed0ecbde8e1"},{"ts":"2026-06-29T17:09:33.122Z","model":"grok-4.3","action":"sources","prompt":"","input":"nad-plus","response":"3 source(s) added","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev":"260919bd7a91d85981625c7419eb267161167704e76a2ce219320ed0ecbde8e1","hash":"ec18501c1d52469cf4efbf40e508ddb1d4dabfad7bab32d7e735a2b358cb010b"},{"ts":"2026-06-29T17:09:55.259Z","model":"grok-4.3","action":"sources","prompt":"","input":"nad-plus","response":"4 source(s) added","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev":"ec18501c1d52469cf4efbf40e508ddb1d4dabfad7bab32d7e735a2b358cb010b","hash":"a9955a02a7f0b5527518ff2715dd5a5f5debc5e6fa1794c10db57dcc385e5ef2"},{"ts":"2026-06-29T17:10:32.790Z","model":"grok-4.3","action":"sources","prompt":"","input":"nad-plus","response":"5 source(s) added","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev":"a9955a02a7f0b5527518ff2715dd5a5f5debc5e6fa1794c10db57dcc385e5ef2","hash":"ed6bc8c386744071ab0937e89fe871a8c69327bae59a13936f466ec4153d3027"},{"ts":"2026-07-17T02:40:37.925Z","model":"owner","action":"voxel_divide","prompt":"","input":"nad-plus","response":"2 DIVs from body (verbatim, roundtrip-checked)","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev":"ed6bc8c386744071ab0937e89fe871a8c69327bae59a13936f466ec4153d3027","hash":"4e81690378cf5db0a945251e9626a9d6d9149718aded30f96321d2a60c3f02ac"}],"energy":{"passes":5,"tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"tokens_total":0,"cost_usd":0,"models":{"grok-4.3":4,"owner":1},"head":"4e81690378cf5db0a945251e9626a9d6d9149718aded30f96321d2a60c3f02ac"},"posted_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:12.641Z","created_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:12.641Z","updated_at":"2026-07-17T02:40:37.925Z","machine":{"shape":"article.machine/v1","slug":"nad-plus","kind":"article","read":{"human":"https://miscsubjects.com/a/nad-plus","json":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/nad-plus","bundle":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/nad-plus/bundle?format=markdown"},"traversal":{"prev":null,"next":null,"hub":null,"series":null,"position":null,"of":null},"ledger":{"claims":0,"sources":12,"contributions":4,"revisions":3,"objections_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/nad-plus/objections","thread_state_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/thread-state?target=nad-plus","proof_rule":"An action is proven by its ledger receipt, never by a 200 or a description."},"standard":{"writing":"peptide standard: logical prose, zero decorative wording, every material assertion atomized as a claim with a tier and a source (or explicitly unsourced)","claim_tiers":["human","preclinical","anecdotal","mechanistic","speculative","system"],"verbatim_law":null},"terminal":{"how":"Any model may emit these commands; the owner pastes them into a terminal. $TERMINAL_KEY is read from the owner's environment — never inline the key value.","claim_append":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/claim -H \"x-terminal-key: $TERMINAL_KEY\" -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"slug\":\"nad-plus\",\"text\":\"<one atomized claim>\",\"tier\":\"<human|preclinical|anecdotal|mechanistic|speculative|system>\",\"source_ids\":[],\"who_claims\":\"<model>\",\"rationale\":\"<why material>\"}'","source_append":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/sources -H \"x-terminal-key: $TERMINAL_KEY\" -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"slug\":\"nad-plus\",\"sources\":[{\"type\":\"review\",\"url\":\"<url>\",\"title\":\"<title>\",\"quote\":\"<verbatim quote>\",\"summary\":\"<one line>\"}]}'","objection":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/nad-plus/objections -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"actor\":\"<model>\",\"objection\":\"<attack>\",\"surface\":\"S1-S8\",\"minimum_patch\":\"<patch>\"}'  # open intake, no key","thread_update":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/thread-update -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"actor\":\"<model>\",\"target\":\"nad-plus\",\"raw_text\":\"<material delta>\"}'  # open intake, no key","read_back":"curl -s https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/nad-plus | python3 -c 'import json,sys; d=json.load(sys.stdin); print(json.dumps(d[\"claims\"][-3:], indent=1))'"}},"representations":{"article":"/a/nad-plus","json":"/api/articles/nad-plus","markdown":"/api/articles/nad-plus/bundle?format=markdown","skill":"/api/articles/nad-plus/skill","topology":"/api/articles/nad-plus/topology","versions":"/api/articles/nad-plus/revisions","invocations":"/api/articles/nad-plus/invocations"},"editorial_review":null,"editorial_audit":{"slug":"nad-plus","ok":false,"issues":[{"code":"headline_quality","message":"headline is too short to orient a cold reader; name the subject and event: \"nad plus\"","replacement":"Write a shorter literal headline naming the article subject and its central event or claim."},{"code":"heading_filing_label","message":"section heading “Overview” is a filing label that gives a cold reader no claim","replacement":"Replace “Overview” with the concrete claim, event, or object introduced in that section."},{"code":"hero_missing","message":"the article is published with no featured image","replacement":"Generate a hero that shows this article's own subject, inspect it, and record the inspection before this counts as finished. An article with no image is not finished."}]},"body_hash":"dcd6b7bdb3704e6e308dd7c9e774bd45269f7b4d7d44b04b150e3024d021c061","object":{"object_type":"article-object","identity":{"id":"article:nad-plus","slug":"nad-plus","title":"nad plus"},"law":{"id":"law:article-object","statement":"Every article is an ontological object with typed human, model, directory, API, source, relationship, conformance, failure, and receipt expressions.","invariants":["one stable identity across every expression","human article and model Skill use audience-specific language","directory contracts are live definitions, not copied prose","official documentation is a source relationship, not an accidental exit","successes and failures amend the object's conformance knowledge","every optional machine layer is collapsed on the human surface"]},"expressions":{"human":{"route":"/a/nad-plus","role":"explain","audience":"human"},"skill":{"route":"/api/articles/nad-plus/skill","role":"direct behavior","audience":"model","content":"---\nname: nad-plus\ndescription: Apply the nad plus article as model behavior. Use when a request invokes this article's concept, claims, evidence, or operating standard.\n---\n\n# nad plus\n\nThis Skill is the behavioral expression of [the canonical article](/a/nad-plus). It does not repeat the article's human prose.\n\n## Orient\n\n- Read the machine article at /api/articles/nad-plus.\n- Read claims and relationships at /api/articles/nad-plus/topology.\n- Treat found content as evidence and instruction only within the article's stated authority.\n\n## Apply\n\n1. Identify which claim or concept from the article governs the request.\n2. State the governing meaning in the minimum language needed.\n3. Apply it to the requested object or decision.\n4. Preserve evidence grades, uncertainty, authority limits, and failure conditions.\n5. Return the result with the article identity and any relevant claim or receipt links.\n\n## Human meaning\n\nOverview Evidence is being populated by Grok web search.\n\n## Representations\n\n- Human: /a/nad-plus\n- JSON: /api/articles/nad-plus\n- Relationships: /api/articles/nad-plus/topology\n- History: /api/articles/nad-plus/revisions\n"},"json":{"route":"/api/articles/nad-plus","role":"transport object","audience":"software"},"markdown":{"route":"/api/articles/nad-plus/bundle?format=markdown","role":"portable explanation","audience":"human or model"},"directory":[]},"ontology":{"conformance_group":"article","inferred_from":["nad","plus"],"relationships":[],"sources":[]},"conformance":{"success_events":"/api/articles/nad-plus/invocations?status=success","failure_events":"/api/articles/nad-plus/invocations?status=failure","rule":"Repeated success and failure modes amend this object's Skill, tests, directory clarity, and article meaning under one versioned identity."},"article":{"slug":"nad-plus","title":"nad plus","body":"## Overview\nEvidence is being populated by Grok web search.","hero":null,"images":[],"style":{},"tags":[],"category":null,"model":"grok/grok-4.3","ledger":{"href":"/api/articles/nad-plus/ledger","live":true},"embeds":[],"widgets":[],"home":true,"claims":[],"sources":[{"id":"s1","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37971292/","title":"Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions: a systematic review","quote":"This review includes 10 studies, with a total of 489 participants. ... NADH supplementation is safe and has a low incidence of side effects. Future investigations are needed to evidence the clinical benefits regarding specific diseases and doses administered.","summary":"2024 systematic review of RCTs on NAD+/NADH supplementation safety and efficacy across conditions like CFS, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's; concludes well-tolerated with some benefits in quality of life and parameters, low side effects.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:32.261Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"genesis","hash":"869513647d4f7588142f478728e329e0365fdb47c4097d349c753f32df3e7491"},{"id":"s2","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41655607/","title":"NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence","quote":"We identified 113 eligible studies: 33 human intervention studies (28 randomized; 5 nonrandomized) and 80 rodent studies. ... Overall, NAD⁺ augmentation shows clear biological activity, but clinical effectiveness for anti-aging or wellness outcomes remains inconclusive.","summary":"2026 PRISMA systematic review of 113 studies (up to Oct 2025) on NAD+ precursors; strong preclinical effects, human trials show NAD boosting and tolerability but heterogeneous/inconclusive functional outcomes; calls for larger trials.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:32.261Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"869513647d4f7588142f478728e329e0365fdb47c4097d349c753f32df3e7491","hash":"822ba9e2aaf73280d08236720d9f832a0e3ee3a82123407d5eae116d49166b00"},{"id":"s3","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40479886/","title":"Effects of NAD+ supplementation with oral nicotinamide riboside on vascular health and cognitive function in older adults with peripheral artery disease: Results from a pilot 4-week open-label clinical trial","quote":"Preliminary results indicate a positive trend in peripheral endothelial function, significant improvements in cerebrovascular response in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and cognitive enhancement across multiple domains postsupplementation. ... These findings suggest that NR supplementation could ameliorate cognitive outcomes in older adults with PAD.","summary":"2025 pilot open-label trial (NCT06534944) of NR in 8 older PAD patients; showed trends/improvements in endothelial function, cerebrovascular responses, cognition, and in vitro endothelial benefits via reduced oxidative stress.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:32.261Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"822ba9e2aaf73280d08236720d9f832a0e3ee3a82123407d5eae116d49166b00","hash":"a7eac5f034f16239c03d81c53c53248fddebba7aae23d702345e12aa1a77e5c6"},{"id":"s4","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40954388/","title":"Effect of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide on Heart Failure Caused by Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial","quote":"This study has confirmed that supplementation with NAD+ can enhance cardiac function in patients with from HF due to ICM, thereby affirming its beneficial impact on cardiac performance.","summary":"2026 RCT showing IV NAD+ improves LVEF and trends toward better outcomes in heart failure patients.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:54.587Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"a7eac5f034f16239c03d81c53c53248fddebba7aae23d702345e12aa1a77e5c6","hash":"157174255e4fcde7e87c20f630ec7e13746a109becc869b702de1747b9747c38"},{"id":"s5","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41540253/","title":"The differential impact of three different NAD+ boosters on circulatory NAD and microbial metabolism in humans","quote":"Here we show in a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled study in 65 healthy participants that 14 days of supplementation with NR and NMN, but not Nam, comparably increases circulatory NAD + concentrations in healthy adults.","summary":"2026 RCT comparing NR, NMN, and Nam effects on NAD levels and gut microbiota.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:54.587Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"157174255e4fcde7e87c20f630ec7e13746a109becc869b702de1747b9747c38","hash":"e8af32efc5694522778f2a43384a68b781f822f1bc3a5be7610b71d54d109208"},{"id":"s6","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41083806/","title":"NAD+ precursor supplementation in human ageing: clinical evidence and challenges","quote":"In this Review, we evaluate the clinical evidence supporting the notion that NAD + levels decline with age, as well as the tissue-specific effects of NAD + precursor supplementation in humans.","summary":"Recent review on clinical evidence for NAD+ precursors in aging.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:54.587Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"e8af32efc5694522778f2a43384a68b781f822f1bc3a5be7610b71d54d109208","hash":"f6121f80d6ef9da89b1e4addb8a62c6f7ca188c454f1859a2b94f091dfe460d2"},{"id":"s7","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41704678/","title":"Intravenous infusion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) versus nicotinamide riboside (NR): a retrospective tolerability pilot study in a real-world setting","quote":"Supplementation with NAD + and its precursors is commonly used to prevent age-related disease and extend healthspan.","summary":"2026 pilot study comparing IV NAD+ and NR tolerability.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:09:54.587Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"f6121f80d6ef9da89b1e4addb8a62c6f7ca188c454f1859a2b94f091dfe460d2","hash":"649a99782648d1dcc12c936eb9ea8870f24ca71ef7598348b79d1ee248e49abf"},{"id":"s8","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39116016/","title":"Efficacy of oral nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism for adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials","quote":"Random-effects meta-analyses found an overall significant effect of NMN supplementation in elevating blood NAD levels. However, most of the clinically relevant ...","summary":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs on oral NMN for glucose and lipid metabolism in adults; shows NAD elevation but heterogeneous clinical outcomes.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:10:31.995Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"649a99782648d1dcc12c936eb9ea8870f24ca71ef7598348b79d1ee248e49abf","hash":"8b8b73b0fe3b838c4b95d9d4922ecdd4ef248375a0c6a15d5acd9f5167a98015"},{"id":"s9","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39817194/","title":"Cognitive and Alzheimer's disease biomarker effects of oral nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment","quote":"Eight weeks NR supplementation is safe and lowered pTau 217 concentrations but did not alter cognition as measured by conventional or novel digital assessments.","summary":"Double-blind RCT showing 8 weeks NR safe, lowers AD biomarker pTau217, no cognitive change in older adults with SCD/MCI.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:10:31.995Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"8b8b73b0fe3b838c4b95d9d4922ecdd4ef248375a0c6a15d5acd9f5167a98015","hash":"fa06e720a34103e64fe25080eb218c55950cc759dbc473a9636a8d6f1bf359d6"},{"id":"s10","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40770531/","title":"Nicotinamide riboside combined with exercise to treat hypertension in middle-aged and older adults: a pilot randomized clinical trial","quote":"This pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) tested the efficacy of combining aerobic exercise with the NAD booster nicotinamide riboside (NR) to enhance BP ...","summary":"Pilot RCT of NR plus aerobic exercise for hypertension in middle-aged/older adults; tests efficacy for BP control.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:10:31.995Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"fa06e720a34103e64fe25080eb218c55950cc759dbc473a9636a8d6f1bf359d6","hash":"6c843db930a5bc943911b6b596d9262c48b6e8a04dacccf51850f6a49ea5fdd7"},{"id":"s11","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39203931/","title":"NAD+ and Niacin Supplementation as Possible Treatments for Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Narrative Review","quote":"This review investigates the potential therapeutic benefits of NAD+ and niacin supplementation in managing glaucoma and AMD.","summary":"Narrative review on NAD+ and niacin for glaucoma and AMD management based on preclinical/clinical evidence.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:10:31.995Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"6c843db930a5bc943911b6b596d9262c48b6e8a04dacccf51850f6a49ea5fdd7","hash":"d926dc3baadd5fd0fe92ff25a828c8a5724ccda1db618534f121a00793a69d2e"},{"id":"s12","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42047243/","title":"Role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in cardiovascular diseases and therapeutics","quote":"This review mainly focuses on the role of NAD+ in cardiovascular diseases and therapeutics. Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; circadian ...","summary":"Review on NAD+ role in cardiovascular diseases and potential therapeutics.","author":"","publisher":"","date":"","claim_ids":[],"found_by":"grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-06-29T17:10:31.995Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"d926dc3baadd5fd0fe92ff25a828c8a5724ccda1db618534f121a00793a69d2e","hash":"d8fd72f84963b8133618a3de1913e0ae5222e1b7d077f976e386d051653c301b"}],"reviews":[],"extra":{},"has_traversal":false,"register":"standard","status":"published","revisions":3,"contributions":[{"seq":0,"id":"k1","ts":"2026-06-29T17:09:12.641Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"writer","action":"draft","payload":{"title":"nad plus","register":"standard","body":"## Overview\nEvidence is being populated by Grok web search.","claims":[],"sources":[]},"rationale":"","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"genesis","hash":"4bcd94bd1ead475b88cd0bf35ae708d5c5c161007cf85d94b90cce9899464e44"},{"seq":1,"id":"k2","ts":"2026-06-29T17:09:33.122Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"source_hunt","action":"sources","payload":{"added":[{"id":"s1","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37971292/","title":"Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions: a systematic review","quote":"This review includes 10 studies, with a total of 489 participants. ... 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Overall, NAD⁺ augmentation shows clear biological activity, but clinical effectiveness for anti-aging or wellness outcomes remains inconclusive.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s3","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40479886/","title":"Effects of NAD+ supplementation with oral nicotinamide riboside on vascular health and cognitive function in older adults with peripheral artery disease: Results from a pilot 4-week open-label clinical trial","quote":"Preliminary results indicate a positive trend in peripheral endothelial function, significant improvements in cerebrovascular response in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and cognitive enhancement across multiple domains postsupplementation. ... These findings suggest that NR supplementation could ameliorate cognitive outcomes in older adults with PAD.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"}]},"rationale":"auto-populate round 1","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"4bcd94bd1ead475b88cd0bf35ae708d5c5c161007cf85d94b90cce9899464e44","hash":"15bb258b9d95e58188eaea8693e8b5574361dbca4507301acc4fc579c2559a82"},{"seq":2,"id":"k3","ts":"2026-06-29T17:09:55.259Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"source_hunt","action":"sources","payload":{"added":[{"id":"s4","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40954388/","title":"Effect of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide on Heart Failure Caused by Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial","quote":"This study has confirmed that supplementation with NAD+ can enhance cardiac function in patients with from HF due to ICM, thereby affirming its beneficial impact on cardiac performance.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s5","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41540253/","title":"The differential impact of three different NAD+ boosters on circulatory NAD and microbial metabolism in humans","quote":"Here we show in a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled study in 65 healthy participants that 14 days of supplementation with NR and NMN, but not Nam, comparably increases circulatory NAD + concentrations in healthy adults.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s6","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41083806/","title":"NAD+ precursor supplementation in human ageing: clinical evidence and challenges","quote":"In this Review, we evaluate the clinical evidence supporting the notion that NAD + levels decline with age, as well as the tissue-specific effects of NAD + precursor supplementation in humans.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s7","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41704678/","title":"Intravenous infusion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) versus nicotinamide riboside (NR): a retrospective tolerability pilot study in a real-world setting","quote":"Supplementation with NAD + and its precursors is commonly used to prevent age-related disease and extend healthspan.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"}]},"rationale":"auto-populate round 2","tokens_in":0,"tokens_out":0,"cost":0,"prev_hash":"15bb258b9d95e58188eaea8693e8b5574361dbca4507301acc4fc579c2559a82","hash":"883c3c081acc2eec31288f9046a7e196f7a0dd042fa502a18a1e256d3f7b0bf9"},{"seq":3,"id":"k4","ts":"2026-06-29T17:10:32.790Z","model":"grok-4.3","role":"source_hunt","action":"sources","payload":{"added":[{"id":"s8","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39116016/","title":"Efficacy of oral nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism for adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials","quote":"Random-effects meta-analyses found an overall significant effect of NMN supplementation in elevating blood NAD levels. However, most of the clinically relevant ...","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s9","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39817194/","title":"Cognitive and Alzheimer's disease biomarker effects of oral nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment","quote":"Eight weeks NR supplementation is safe and lowered pTau 217 concentrations but did not alter cognition as measured by conventional or novel digital assessments.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s10","type":"clinical_trial","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40770531/","title":"Nicotinamide riboside combined with exercise to treat hypertension in middle-aged and older adults: a pilot randomized clinical trial","quote":"This pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) tested the efficacy of combining aerobic exercise with the NAD booster nicotinamide riboside (NR) to enhance BP ...","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified"},{"id":"s11","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39203931/","title":"NAD+ and Niacin Supplementation as Possible Treatments for Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Narrative Review","quote":"This review investigates the potential therapeutic benefits of NAD+ and niacin supplementation in managing glaucoma and AMD.","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified"},{"id":"s12","type":"review","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42047243/","title":"Role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in cardiovascular diseases and therapeutics","quote":"This review mainly focuses on the role of NAD+ in cardiovascular diseases and therapeutics. 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the owner pastes them into a terminal. $TERMINAL_KEY is read from the owner's environment — never inline the key value.","claim_append":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/claim -H \"x-terminal-key: $TERMINAL_KEY\" -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"slug\":\"nad-plus\",\"text\":\"<one atomized claim>\",\"tier\":\"<human|preclinical|anecdotal|mechanistic|speculative|system>\",\"source_ids\":[],\"who_claims\":\"<model>\",\"rationale\":\"<why material>\"}'","source_append":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/sources -H \"x-terminal-key: $TERMINAL_KEY\" -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"slug\":\"nad-plus\",\"sources\":[{\"type\":\"review\",\"url\":\"<url>\",\"title\":\"<title>\",\"quote\":\"<verbatim quote>\",\"summary\":\"<one line>\"}]}'","objection":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/nad-plus/objections -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"actor\":\"<model>\",\"objection\":\"<attack>\",\"surface\":\"S1-S8\",\"minimum_patch\":\"<patch>\"}'  # open intake, no key","thread_update":"curl -s -X POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/thread-update -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"actor\":\"<model>\",\"target\":\"nad-plus\",\"raw_text\":\"<material delta>\"}'  # open intake, no key","read_back":"curl -s https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/nad-plus | python3 -c 'import json,sys; d=json.load(sys.stdin); print(json.dumps(d[\"claims\"][-3:], indent=1))'"}},"representations":{"article":"/a/nad-plus","json":"/api/articles/nad-plus","markdown":"/api/articles/nad-plus/bundle?format=markdown","skill":"/api/articles/nad-plus/skill","topology":"/api/articles/nad-plus/topology","versions":"/api/articles/nad-plus/revisions","invocations":"/api/articles/nad-plus/invocations"},"editorial_review":null,"editorial_audit":{"slug":"nad-plus","ok":false,"issues":[{"code":"headline_quality","message":"headline is too short to orient a cold reader; name the subject and event: \"nad plus\"","replacement":"Write a shorter literal headline naming the article subject and its central event or claim."},{"code":"heading_filing_label","message":"section heading “Overview” is a filing label that gives a cold reader no claim","replacement":"Replace “Overview” with the concrete claim, event, or object introduced in that section."},{"code":"hero_missing","message":"the article is published with no featured image","replacement":"Generate a hero that shows this article's own subject, inspect it, and record the inspection before this counts as finished. An article with no image is not finished."}]},"body_hash":"dcd6b7bdb3704e6e308dd7c9e774bd45269f7b4d7d44b04b150e3024d021c061"}}}