{"slug":"paper-wiener-n-1948-cybernetics-or-control-and-communication-in-the-animal-and-the-mac","verification":{"valid":true,"entries":1,"head":"63ebbd0b85e0a25c2e57f73005130891f9c29fad6dcbb231279c9d85578d75d0"},"count":1,"sources":[{"id":"s1","type":"other","url":"https://dn790006.ca.archive.org/0/items/norbert-wiener-cybernetics/Norbert_Wiener_Cybernetics_text.pdf","title":"Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine","quote":"Just as the amount of information in a system is a measure of its degree of organization, so the entropy of a system is a measure of its degree of disorganization; and the one is simply the negative of the other.","summary":"1948 primary text establishing information as negative entropy and cybernetics as control-communication field.","claim_ids":["c1","c2","c3","c4"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-08T18:03:55.771Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"genesis","hash":"63ebbd0b85e0a25c2e57f73005130891f9c29fad6dcbb231279c9d85578d75d0"}]}