{"slug":"school-strict-physical-reductionism-equilibrium-thermodynamics","verification":{"valid":true,"entries":3,"head":"822bbfd105bc5c37c56bc821fa9b594b481fa19035c754d5a9cc02f8342c829e"},"count":3,"sources":[{"id":"s1","type":"other","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics","title":"Second law of thermodynamics","quote":"Heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without some other change, connected therewith, occurring at the same time.","summary":"Clausius 1854 statement and 1865 entropy formulation with universe entropy maximum quote.","claim_ids":["c1","c3"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-07T06:50:00.321Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"verified","prev":"genesis","hash":"5629f21462e43e423c7a86378fe6ed51c8699c14ac679648b12aca809748914f"},{"id":"s2","type":"other","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2010/entries/statphys-Boltzmann/","title":"Boltzmann's Work in Statistical Physics","quote":"Particularly famous is his statistical explanation of the second law of thermodynamics. The celebrated formula S = k logW","summary":"Details Boltzmann 1872 and 1877 papers establishing statistical mechanics and entropy formula.","claim_ids":["c2"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-07T06:50:00.321Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"5629f21462e43e423c7a86378fe6ed51c8699c14ac679648b12aca809748914f","hash":"e9eafeb35cdd40aaf9cd84192365b42ac20b93d444c5214b4f96f8e566ad91ef"},{"id":"s3","type":"other","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scientific-reduction/","title":"Scientific Reduction","quote":"The best known model of reduction as derivation is found in Ernest Nagel’s The Structure of Science","summary":"Nagel 1961 as canonical account of theory reduction.","claim_ids":["c4"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-07T06:50:00.321Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"e9eafeb35cdd40aaf9cd84192365b42ac20b93d444c5214b4f96f8e566ad91ef","hash":"822bbfd105bc5c37c56bc821fa9b594b481fa19035c754d5a9cc02f8342c829e"}]}