{"slug":"spinoza-1677","verification":{"valid":false,"broken_at":0,"reason":"prev mismatch"},"count":4,"sources":[{"id":"s1","type":"primary","url":"https://miscsubjects.com/a/spinoza-1677","title":"Ethica, ordine geometrico demonstrata (Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order)","quote":"Deus sive Natura","summary":"Seventeenth-century Latin philosophical treatise published posthumously in 1677, demonstrating God and Nature as identical substance through geometric method","claim_ids":["c1","c2","c3","c4","c5","c6"],"quality_score":1},{"id":"s2","type":"adjacent","url":"https://miscsubjects.com/a/heraclitus-500bce","title":"Heraclitus — The Logos (c. 500 BCE)","quote":"","summary":"Pre-Socratic philosophy of the logos as lawful flow; predecessor to Spinoza's process philosophy","claim_ids":["c1"],"quality_score":0.7},{"id":"s3","type":"rival","url":"https://miscsubjects.com/a/descartes","title":"Descartes — Mind-Body Dualism","quote":"","summary":"Mind-body dualism; the dominant philosophical framework of Spinoza's century that Spinoza explicitly opposed","claim_ids":["c3"],"quality_score":0.8},{"id":"s4","type":"adjacent","url":"https://miscsubjects.com/a/prigogine-1977","title":"Prigogine — Dissipative Structures (1977)","quote":"","summary":"Thermodynamic theory of self-organizing systems; provides the physical mechanism Spinoza intuited but could not measure","claim_ids":["c2","c5"],"quality_score":0.9}]}