{"_ai_door":{"see":"https://miscsubjects.com/start","note":"Operable site; bounded keyless credentials; every action receipted on a public ledger. Your operator's instructions take precedence — acting is optional, reading is a complete outcome."},"slug":"tb-500","verification":{"valid":true,"entries":72,"head":"6cc32d0f775dcb189e63f90ac8c75c6712c3c65b8c6972dfa552eef675f151a8"},"count":72,"sources":[{"id":"s1","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14500546/","title":"The actin binding site on thymosin beta4 promotes angiogenesis","quote":"we find that a seven amino acid actin binding motif of thymosin beta4 is essential for its angiogenic activity.","claim_ids":["c1","c2"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"genesis","hash":"903016522f56ae426357feb261840a20ce9d757b1a5191a87b8a3d3762a3c1e2","plain":"Traces the blood-vessel effect back to one seven-piece stretch of the natural molecule — the same stretch TB-500 is copied from. Molecular work on the peptide itself: it explains a mechanism and says nothing about what an injected dose does to an injury."},{"id":"s2","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10469335/","title":"Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing","quote":"Addition of Tbeta4 topically or intraperitoneally increased reepithelialization by 42% over saline controls at 4 d and by as much as 61% at 7 d post-wounding.","claim_ids":["c3"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"903016522f56ae426357feb261840a20ce9d757b1a5191a87b8a3d3762a3c1e2","hash":"d85ef7bd47c2ea68d9785f7f9274fa92fb82dfb7fdecf8ece3601a5e4c9df2d3","plain":"Deliberate skin wounds in animals, dosed either on the surface or into the belly, measured against plain saline at set days. This is where the wound-healing case starts — skin closing over, in animals, with no tendon, disc or person anywhere in it."},{"id":"s3","type":"pubmed","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00382174","title":"Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Patients With Pressure Ulcers","quote":"evaluate the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of Thymosin Beta 4 administered topically in patients with Pressure Ulcers","claim_ids":["c4"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"d85ef7bd47c2ea68d9785f7f9274fa92fb82dfb7fdecf8ece3601a5e4c9df2d3","hash":"87427bce9bc4f06b635c6c2ddf040b3cdbc231c4dc364f335f9934446dc900fa","plain":"The registry record for a real randomized human trial with a dummy-treatment arm, applied on the skin for pressure sores. A registration states what was set out to be tested; this one came back tolerated but short of its main measure."},{"id":"s4","type":"pubmed","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00832091","title":"Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Patients With Venous Stasis Ulcers","quote":"a synthetically-produced copy of a naturally occurring 43 amino acid peptide that has wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties and can up-regulate the expression of laminin-5.","claim_ids":["c1","c4"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"87427bce9bc4f06b635c6c2ddf040b3cdbc231c4dc364f335f9934446dc900fa","hash":"dcb9147ff48fe018b2675b61a27cf46405dce0ca58013d7aab5fb23c79d52d55","plain":"The sponsor's own plain description of the compound, filed alongside a randomized leg-ulcer study with a dummy arm. Useful as the definition of what was actually being given; the study itself did not clear its main measure."},{"id":"s5","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17495250/","title":"Thymosin beta-4 and venous ulcers: a European prospective, randomized study","quote":"When review safety data show no-dose-limiting adverse events, a new group will be enrolled.","claim_ids":["c4"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"dcb9147ff48fe018b2675b61a27cf46405dce0ca58013d7aab5fb23c79d52d55","hash":"ddf2e53b59ef44d49f753136506f811c0479be4a15deb61e09053ba0c6bd8ece","plain":"A step-up design in Europe: each new group of people was only enrolled after the previous dose showed no harm serious enough to stop at. That structure tells you how rising doses were tolerated, not whether ulcers closed faster."},{"id":"s7","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26056426/","title":"Thymosin beta 4 ophthalmic solution for dry eye: a randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase II clinical trial","quote":"This study confirms the efficacy of 0.1% Tbeta4 as a topical treatment for relief of signs and symptoms of dry eye.","claim_ids":["c5"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"ddf2e53b59ef44d49f753136506f811c0479be4a15deb61e09053ba0c6bd8ece","hash":"22354846acea477730db6e41b15a1017ce8e710bd2ef3ff1e72cc4c909f00cda","plain":"Randomized human eye drops against a dummy drop, at one-tenth of a percent — the strongest controlled human result this molecule has. It is a drop on an eye surface, and none of it carries over to an injected dose for a joint."},{"id":"s8","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3843122/","title":"Cardioprotection by systemic dosing of thymosin beta four following ischemic myocardial injury","quote":"Tbeta4 administered throughout the study reduced infarct size and resulted in significant improvements in hemodynamic performance.","claim_ids":["c6"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"22354846acea477730db6e41b15a1017ce8e710bd2ef3ff1e72cc4c909f00cda","hash":"56f4acea140fb6a217cbd612524f6229542f97bb88a2f0bdaff335eadca9bffa","plain":"Heart injury in animals, dosed into the bloodstream rather than straight into the heart. Damaged muscle area came out smaller and pumping measures better — showing the peptide can act far from where it goes in. Animal hearts, controlled injury."},{"id":"s9","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17600280/","title":"Thymosin beta4 is cardioprotective after myocardial infarction","quote":"thymosin beta4 treatment resulted in upregulation of ILK and Akt activity in the heart, enhanced early myocyte survival, and improved cardiac function.","claim_ids":["c6"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"56f4acea140fb6a217cbd612524f6229542f97bb88a2f0bdaff335eadca9bffa","hash":"52c0e6abd95aca14f037384f88aabea3feefb947408d9001dc2045f7a98c3c09","plain":"Follows the chemical switches inside heart cells after a heart attack in animals and ties early cell survival to two of them. Aimed at the how rather than the whether, and no human heart was involved."},{"id":"s10","type":"pubmed","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16126202","title":"Thymosin Beta-4 and TB-500 in Tissue Healing, Regeneration, and Musculoskeletal Repair: A Scoping Review","quote":"the evidence base is heavily weighted toward preclinical and mechanistic work, with human musculoskeletal data sparse","claim_ids":["c7"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"52c0e6abd95aca14f037384f88aabea3feefb947408d9001dc2045f7a98c3c09","hash":"cbb9695c43cf279c5d09d47cdde66193a95b3b6fc1abe091d693541f67460bd7","plain":"Someone counted up the whole pile for tendon, ligament, muscle and disc, and the pile is animal and laboratory work. This is the honest scale of the human record and the reason the claims on this page stop where they do."},{"id":"s11","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23523891/","title":"Thymosin beta4 enhances the healing of medial collateral ligament injury in rat","quote":"Local administration of Tbeta4 promotes the healing process of MCL, both histologically and mechanically, in a rat model.","claim_ids":["c7"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"cbb9695c43cf279c5d09d47cdde66193a95b3b6fc1abe091d693541f67460bd7","hash":"87e3797179b7b44da4d912bba2c255934e19d7e88c4f061441cfa0191470c46d","plain":"A knee ligament cut in rats, then dosed at the injury; the healed tissue looked better down a microscope and held more load before failing. The cleanest connective-tissue result that exists — in a rat, with the dose put right on the spot."},{"id":"s12","type":"news","url":"https://www.bscg.org/blogs/single/tb-500-status-risks-and-bans-in-sport-and-military","title":"TB-500 - Status, Risks, and Bans in Sport and Military","quote":"The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) lists TB-500 under 'Growth Factors and Growth Factor Modulators' as a prohibited substance","claim_ids":["c9"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"87e3797179b7b44da4d912bba2c255934e19d7e88c4f061441cfa0191470c46d","hash":"29b70749bb3947d64c6e3a34a0ed862cc3264e041bc2cf470248b3c19db9f1fd","plain":"A rulebook entry, not a finding about the body: it places the compound in a banned category at all times for anyone subject to anti-doping testing, in and out of competition."},{"id":"s13","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31649007/","title":"Thymosin beta4: potential to treat epidermolysis bullosa and other severe dermal injuries","quote":"Thymosin beta4 promotes faster repair in various chronic human wounds, including pressure ulcers, stasis ulcers, and epidermolysis bullosa lesions.","claim_ids":["c8"],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"29b70749bb3947d64c6e3a34a0ed862cc3264e041bc2cf470248b3c19db9f1fd","hash":"dd783d638ffebc3a43cfbc736babb517836b68444f14c116f5e9a82210052c77","plain":"Gathers reports of faster repair across several kinds of long-standing human wounds, including a severe blistering skin disease. It is a summary of what has been reported rather than a single controlled comparison, so it inherits whatever weakness sits underneath."},{"id":"s17","type":"news","url":"https://www.bscg.org/blogs/single/tb-500-status-risks-and-bans-in-sport-and-military","title":"TB-500 - Status, Risks, and Bans (BSCG)","quote":"TB-500 is a synthetic heptapeptide (Ac-LKKTETQ) that corresponds to amino acids 17-23 of thymosin beta-4","claim_ids":[],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"dd783d638ffebc3a43cfbc736babb517836b68444f14c116f5e9a82210052c77","hash":"ad812cd832e64c8f540ecd9ea24ad56251b4e7e24b9cb7253788ce25a770f332","plain":"Pins down what is actually in a vial sold as TB-500: a seven-piece fragment, not the whole 43-piece natural peptide. Much of the research on this page used the full molecule, so the two cannot be treated as the same thing."},{"id":"s18","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826322/","title":"Thymosin beta4 improves signs and symptoms of severe dry eye in a phase 2 randomized trial (Cornea 2015)","quote":"RGN-259-treated group had 35.1% reduction of ocular discomfort compared with vehicle control (P = 0.0141)","claim_ids":[],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"ad812cd832e64c8f540ecd9ea24ad56251b4e7e24b9cb7253788ce25a770f332","hash":"1ea56e216f8aa65d8dc8795a9e9bd254a7af4874df0e7cd29b3cd7e26d454306","plain":"The number behind the dry-eye result: a discomfort score against the identical drops without the peptide, in a randomized phase 2. One symptom rating, reported by the people in the trial, on one small eye study."},{"id":"s19","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20627173/","title":"Thymosin beta4 improves functional neurological outcome in a rat model of embolic stroke","quote":"Tbeta4 improves neurological functional outcome after embolic stroke in rats.","claim_ids":[],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"1ea56e216f8aa65d8dc8795a9e9bd254a7af4874df0e7cd29b3cd7e26d454306","hash":"2fe7c37de6555c86f4126eaea9c4bf1129054427d97cb5bcbb2102ba578a0b57","plain":"Rats given a clot-type stroke, then scored on movement and behaviour afterwards. It widens the list of injuries where the peptide has changed something in animals, and stops there — no person was given it."},{"id":"s20","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14625258/","title":"Role of thymosin beta4 in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis (JNCI 2003)","quote":"Thymosin beta4 may stimulate tumor metastasis by activating cell migration and angiogenesis.","claim_ids":[],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"2fe7c37de6555c86f4126eaea9c4bf1129054427d97cb5bcbb2102ba578a0b57","hash":"02df30fbb98e8576a851c1de2c4cbea56b0aa15427208e7cc95a7bba5d4478a7","plain":"The counterweight on this page. The very cell movement and blood-vessel growth that close a wound are also what a tumour uses to spread. Raised from laboratory and animal work as a mechanism-level concern, not a measured risk in people taking it."},{"id":"s21","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19833631/","title":"Thymosin beta4 has tumor suppressive effects in multiple myeloma","quote":"Tbeta4 overexpression led to significantly decreased proliferative and migratory capacities and increased sensitivity to apoptosis-induction.","claim_ids":[],"accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"02df30fbb98e8576a851c1de2c4cbea56b0aa15427208e7cc95a7bba5d4478a7","hash":"87bf1117a31eb20225774a1a383d7895f4d22060790d4663a5c46a88eb64a6cd","plain":"Points the opposite way from the spread concern: in myeloma cells carrying extra peptide, growth and movement dropped and the cells died more readily. Cells in a dish, one cancer type — taken with the opposing finding, the direction is unsettled."},{"id":"s22","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193349/download","title":"FDA Briefing Document, Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee — TB-500-Related Bulk Drug Substances (TB-500 free base and TB-500 acetate)","publisher":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","date":"2026-07","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","quote":"TB-500 (free base) is understood today to be a seven amino acid synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4 (β4) from amino acids 17 to 23 and an acetyl group at the N-terminal leucine amino acid (Ac-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln-OH). … thymosin beta-4 and TB-500 are not the same substance. … no articles were found in which TB-500 was administered to humans. … Therefore, potential safety risks associated with the use of TB-500 in humans are unknown.","summary":"The only regulatory characterisation of TB-500 as a substance. States the fragment/protein distinction in writing, records zero human exposure data by any route, reports that TB-500 free base 'appeared to be devoid of wound-healing properties' in vitro, notes acetylation 'irreversibly alters their charge, hydrophobicity, and size' so the non-acetylated LKKTETQ literature cannot be extrapolated, flags immunogenicity and aggregation risk, records absent impurity/endotoxin/aggregate/microbiological testing, notes no carcinogenicity studies exist, and recommends against listing. Also contains the only in vivo TB-500 pharmacokinetics (equine, 10 mg subcutaneous).","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"87bf1117a31eb20225774a1a383d7895f4d22060790d4663a5c46a88eb64a6cd","hash":"181a7b2d744eb9c94b2e82281294a522151ed269f8c9c01d0ab022f7af867c99"},{"id":"s23","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf","title":"World Anti-Doping Code International Standard — Prohibited List 2026, section S2.3","publisher":"World Anti-Doping Agency","date":"2026-01-01","author":"World Anti-Doping Agency","quote":"Thymosin-ß4 and its derivatives e.g. TB-500 … and other growth factors or growth factor modulators affecting muscle, tendon or ligament protein synthesis/degradation, vascularisation, energy utilization, regenerative capacity or fibre type switching. … PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION) … All prohibited substances in this class are non-Specified Substances.","summary":"TB-500 named by name under S2.3 Growth Factors and Growth Factor Modulators, prohibited in and out of competition, non-Specified tier. The catch-all clause names muscle, tendon and ligament explicitly.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"181a7b2d744eb9c94b2e82281294a522151ed269f8c9c01d0ab022f7af867c99","hash":"b92aa31e3f1570cc3515dd46c5b91358a0ce7b0bed8acf24c15b26067e9825e1"},{"id":"s24","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.pharmexec.com/view/fda-votes-loosen-restrictions-four-peptides","title":"FDA Panel Votes to Loosen Restrictions for Four Peptides","publisher":"Pharmaceutical Executive","date":"2026-07-24","author":"Nicholas Jacobus","quote":"voted 8-6 in favor of allowing Bpc-157, Kpv and Tb-500 to be compounded, with one abstention … The votes do not make the peptides FDA-approved drugs … FDA is not bound by the panel's recommendations … The advisory committee's recommendation still triggers a formal rulemaking cycle that realistically runs eight to twelve months","summary":"Reports the 23–24 July 2026 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee vote, taken against FDA's own written recommendation. TB-500 remains off the 503A Bulks List and not legally compoundable pending rulemaking.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"b92aa31e3f1570cc3515dd46c5b91358a0ce7b0bed8acf24c15b26067e9825e1","hash":"9d6badacf18605bcdf541a301f7448297f15bb05799ae9232ffadcaeebc7216a"},{"id":"s25","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542926/","title":"Effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: A histopathological and biomechanical study","publisher":"Joint Diseases and Related Surgery 37(3):822-837","date":"2026-07-23","author":"Biçer O, Adanir O, Güleryüz Y, Balci EC, Dinçel YM, Yenigün MY, Aydin C, Bayrak BY","quote":"higher maximum load to failure values in the BPC-157 and TB-500 groups compared to controls, reaching statistical significance in the TB-500 group (p < 0.05) … significantly lower total Bonar scores in the TB-500 group (p = 0.016) … Combined BPC-157 and TB-500 treatment did not confer additional benefits compared to either agent alone","summary":"PMID 42542926. The only tendon-strength study using TB-500 itself. 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats, Achilles transection and repair, four arms of eight, four weeks of intraperitoneal dosing: BPC-157 10 µg/kg/day, TB-500 60 µg/kg/day, combination, control. Authors call it exploratory and stop short of clinical recommendation. The combination arm contradicts the stacking rationale.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"9d6badacf18605bcdf541a301f7448297f15bb05799ae9232ffadcaeebc7216a","hash":"ce1e1f5971b5d67bf5525ee314741cca095243647a4b884e5d29cce9fdf68b60"},{"id":"s26","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20880960/","title":"Muscle injury-induced thymosin β4 acts as a chemoattractant for myoblasts","publisher":"Journal of Biochemistry 149(1):43-8","date":"2011-01","author":"Tokura Y, Nakayama Y, Fukada S, Nara N, Yamamoto H, Matsuda R, Hara T","quote":"muscle injury enhances the local production of Tβ4, thereby promoting the migration of myoblasts","summary":"PMID 20880960. Tβ4 and thymosin β10 are upregulated early in regenerating muscle fibres and inflammatory haematopoietic cells; Tβ4 and its sulphoxidised form accelerate closure and increase chemotaxis of C2C12 myoblasts and of primary myoblasts from adult satellite cells. Establishes the skeletal-muscle pathway as endogenous, not as an exogenous treatment result.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"ce1e1f5971b5d67bf5525ee314741cca095243647a4b884e5d29cce9fdf68b60","hash":"392b49dae83324c8925194f9d6097e2e0a3c6c9ea704782cdf9ebb6c0153b1d5"},{"id":"s27","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20536458/","title":"Thymosin beta4 enhances repair by organizing connective tissue and preventing the appearance of myofibroblasts","publisher":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","date":"2010-04","author":"Ehrlich HP, Hazard SW 3rd","quote":"few myofibroblasts and fibroblasts with alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) stained stress fibers … longer, thicker collagen fiber bundles with intense yellow-red birefringence","summary":"PMID 20536458. 100 µg of Tβ4 delivered on days 2, 3 and 4 through polyvinyl alcohol sponge implants in subcutaneous pockets in Sprague-Dawley rats, read at day 14. Control implants contained mostly myofibroblasts; treated wounds were significantly narrower. The mechanistic basis for 'repair instead of scar'.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"392b49dae83324c8925194f9d6097e2e0a3c6c9ea704782cdf9ebb6c0153b1d5","hash":"e2cfa54fa6ba97bd6b6acf0decd9a01702b471797ee95ceb4ed75c67abcf67a1"},{"id":"s28","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9655242/","title":"The Role of Tβ4-POP-Ac-SDKP Axis in Organ Fibrosis","publisher":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23(21):13282","date":"2022-10-31","author":"Wang W, Jia W, Zhang C","quote":"Thymosin β4 is a water-soluble peptide with a highly conserved structure composed of 43 amino acid residues … After the cleavage of Tβ4 into NH2-terminal intermediate peptides less than 30 amino acids in length by metalloprotease meprin α, POP hydrolyzes these intermediate peptides to ultimately release N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) … exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the number of inflammatory cells and downregulating the expression levels of many inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6","summary":"PMID 36362069, PMCID PMC9655242. Establishes that Ac-SDKP is released from the N-terminus of Tβ4, which is why the anti-fibrotic literature does not transfer to TB-500 (residues 17–23). Also the source for the named anti-inflammatory cytokine targets.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"e2cfa54fa6ba97bd6b6acf0decd9a01702b471797ee95ceb4ed75c67abcf67a1","hash":"557bb2e888330719e76c1a713e086744a5ddfc1ae60429b84ea6a148a36b4d89"},{"id":"s29","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26962108/","title":"The anti-inflammatory peptide Ac-SDKP is released from thymosin-β4 by renal meprin-α and prolyl oligopeptidase","publisher":"American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology 310:F1026-34","date":"2016-05","author":"Kumar N, Nakagawa P, Janic B, Romero CA, Worou ME, Monu SR, Peterson EL, Shaw J, Valeriote F, Ongeri EM, Niyitegeka JV, Rhaleb NE, Carretero OA","quote":"POP can only hydrolyze peptides shorter than 30 amino acids, and Tβ4 is 43 amino acids long … no Ac-SDKP was released when Tβ4 was incubated with either meprin-α or POP alone","summary":"PMID 26962108, PMCID PMC4889319. Definitive two-enzyme mechanism for Ac-SDKP generation. Meprin-α knockout kidneys failed to release Ac-SDKP from Tβ4; the meprin-α inhibitor actinonin blocked release in rat kidney homogenate and cut captopril-raised plasma Ac-SDKP from 15.1 to 6.1 nmol/l (P < 0.005).","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"557bb2e888330719e76c1a713e086744a5ddfc1ae60429b84ea6a148a36b4d89","hash":"477722bfe24b1df2a3e69cd7536b7f51aeec4a074b2b1d11228f7a69fb432647"},{"id":"s30","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31753373/","title":"Electrospun thymosin Beta-4 loaded PLGA/PLA nanofiber/microfiber hybrid yarns for tendon tissue engineering application","publisher":"Materials Science & Engineering C","date":"2020-01","author":"Wu S, Zhou R, Zhou F, Streubel PN, Chen S, Duan B","quote":"thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) loaded PLGA/PLA HY presented a sustained drug release manner for 28 days … showed an additive effect on promoting HADMSC migration, proliferation, and tenogenic differentiation","summary":"PMID 31753373, PMCID PMC7061461. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on a Tβ4-releasing scaffold move toward a tendon phenotype. Evidence that the field treats sustained local delivery, not systemic injection, as the route to a tendon.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"477722bfe24b1df2a3e69cd7536b7f51aeec4a074b2b1d11228f7a69fb432647","hash":"69cfd17d2a8b6fe276e34a37212cba5558dd2e5a3ab53a386a809e62a5e45691"},{"id":"s31","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15565145/","title":"Thymosin beta4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair","publisher":"Nature 432(7016):466-72","date":"2004-11-25","author":"Bock-Marquette I, Saxena A, White MD, DiMaio JM, Srivastava D","quote":"resulted in upregulation of ILK and Akt activity in the heart, enhanced early myocyte survival and improved cardiac function","summary":"PMID 15565145. Tβ4 forms a functional complex with PINCH and integrin-linked kinase, activating Akt. Model: coronary artery ligation in mice, dosed intraperitoneally, intracardiacally or both, every third day. The named signalling axis behind the cardiac programme.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"69cfd17d2a8b6fe276e34a37212cba5558dd2e5a3ab53a386a809e62a5e45691","hash":"44582c8a8d96d82a261f68643881f3f6556a59ba248903b7fb2da8c2facc8443"},{"id":"s32","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9820614/","title":"0.1% RGN-259 (Thymosin β4) Ophthalmic Solution Promotes Healing and Improves Comfort in Neurotrophic Keratopathy Patients in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Masked Phase III Clinical Trial","publisher":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(1):554","date":"2022-12-29","author":"Sosne G, Kleinman HK, Springs C, Gross RH, Sung J, Kang S","quote":"Complete healing occurred after 4 weeks in 6 of the 10 RGN-259-treated subjects and in 1 of the 8 placebo-treated subjects","summary":"PMID 36613994, PMCID PMC9820614. Stages 2–3 neurotrophic keratopathy, 0.1% five times daily for 43 days, 10 treated versus 8 placebo. Day 29 complete healing 60% vs 12.5%, p = 0.0656 — the four-week primary comparison did not reach significance. Day 43: 50% vs 0%, p = 0.0359. The underlying registration, NCT02600429 (SEER-1), was terminated.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"44582c8a8d96d82a261f68643881f3f6556a59ba248903b7fb2da8c2facc8443","hash":"6c438f6ae6445f78335e68b788d164b648e2fca9a8939aa31af95d416e278fe9"},{"id":"s33","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05485818","title":"Safety and Efficacy Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (NL005)","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / Beijing Northland Biotech. Co., Ltd.","date":"2021-11-18","author":"Beijing Northland Biotech. Co., Ltd.","quote":"Change of myocardial infarction area on Day 5 and day 90 after PCI","summary":"NCT05485818. Completed Phase 2, 62 enrolled, arms Low / Middle / High Dose and placebo. Recombinant human full-length Tβ4 (NL005), intravenous. The only systemic Tβ4 programme still generating human data.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"6c438f6ae6445f78335e68b788d164b648e2fca9a8939aa31af95d416e278fe9","hash":"e22a0a70e75c169258459f6732a9150390666e5263d3416728eb4383e3b3b573"},{"id":"s34","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00743769","title":"A Phase 1 Safety Study of the Intravenous Administration of Thymosin Beta in Healthy Volunteers","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","date":"2017-04-17","author":"RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","quote":"Study never initiated due to contract manufacturing issues … A single bolus injections of ascending doses of 42 mg, 140 mg, 420 mg or 1,260 QD (once a day)","summary":"NCT00743769. WITHDRAWN, actual enrolment 0. The flagship intravenous safety and pharmacokinetics study for full-length Tβ4 never ran, so no completed dedicated Phase 1 IV dataset exists. Note the intended dose scale: 42 to 1,260 mg.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"e22a0a70e75c169258459f6732a9150390666e5263d3416728eb4383e3b3b573","hash":"a1f0afe08d035deb100fc4e903acae73c76d0a067a5c376d0d5f4b56e0cadc0e"},{"id":"s35","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07487363","title":"TB-500 (Thymosin Beta 4 17-23 Fragment) for Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Stable ASCVD — 'TBRIDGE-CV' [self-declared fictional example record]","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov","date":"2026-03-23","author":"listed sponsor 'Hudson Biotech'","quote":"This fictional study is an example of a ClinicalTrials.gov-style record. … The specific dose levels are protocol-defined and are not provided in this public example.","summary":"NCT07487363. The only registry record whose intervention is TB-500 itself, and the record declares itself a fictional template. Any citation of this NCT as evidence of a human TB-500 trial is citing a demonstration entry.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"a1f0afe08d035deb100fc4e903acae73c76d0a067a5c376d0d5f4b56e0cadc0e","hash":"543b13f118b4700c01c2097b18ec37ffa8cf066a84078cd91ba329475591f5af"},{"id":"s36","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01311518","title":"A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Injectable Thymosin Beta 4 for Treating Acute Myocardial Infarction","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","date":"2011","author":"RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","quote":"Overall status: WITHDRAWN. Actual enrollment: 0.","summary":"NCT01311518. Phase 2, MRI infarct-zone primary endpoint, withdrawn with zero enrolled. The second of the two RegeneRx cardiac trials never to enrol a patient.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"543b13f118b4700c01c2097b18ec37ffa8cf066a84078cd91ba329475591f5af","hash":"af2a36a5d92dad932297dadba6316e55de5648c070ab6489d53b15c92f3d7ec3"},{"id":"s37","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00311766","title":"A Phase 2 Study on Effect of Thymosin Beta 4 on Wound Healing in Patients With Epidermolysis Bullosa","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","date":"2006-02","author":"RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","quote":"Overall status: TERMINATED. Enrollment: 30 (actual).","summary":"NCT00311766. Phase 2, terminated. Primary outcome was number of participants with adverse events and serious adverse events.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"af2a36a5d92dad932297dadba6316e55de5648c070ab6489d53b15c92f3d7ec3","hash":"b607ceae1e16db58e623dd795e386386c20b8bacd37f7f26e4e2a682e68840c7"},{"id":"s38","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00598871","title":"A Phase 2 Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Thymosin Beta 4 for Treating Corneal Wounds","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / ReGenTree, LLC","date":"2007-12","author":"ReGenTree, LLC","quote":"Overall status: TERMINATED. Enrollment: 12 (actual).","summary":"NCT00598871. Corneal wounds in diabetic vitrectomy patients, Phase 2, terminated at 12 enrolled.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"b607ceae1e16db58e623dd795e386386c20b8bacd37f7f26e4e2a682e68840c7","hash":"0eb80e6b400449d1c40ecd0cce30f1b2d3859d06f9bf87aeb68a749fda5d9e26"},{"id":"s39","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02600429","title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy Study of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Neurotrophic Keratopathy: SEER-1","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / ReGenTree, LLC","date":"2015-11","author":"ReGenTree, LLC","quote":"Overall status: TERMINATED. Phase 3. Enrollment: 18 (actual).","summary":"NCT02600429. The registration behind the published 'Phase III' neurotrophic keratopathy paper. Terminated at 18 enrolled — the ten-versus-eight comparison in the literature is this terminated trial's data.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"0eb80e6b400449d1c40ecd0cce30f1b2d3859d06f9bf87aeb68a749fda5d9e26","hash":"fd9cbe2e2b03b35bd572bdd9ee453c0e624a739afd383135edf1cfa61b20715d"},{"id":"s40","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02974907","title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Dry Eye Syndrome: ARISE-2","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / ReGenTree, LLC","date":"2018-03","author":"ReGenTree, LLC","quote":"Overall status: COMPLETED. Phase 3. Enrollment: 601 (actual).","summary":"NCT02974907. The second of three completed Phase 3 dry-eye trials of full-length Tβ4 eye drops. No approval has followed.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"fd9cbe2e2b03b35bd572bdd9ee453c0e624a739afd383135edf1cfa61b20715d","hash":"e94ac49210df584e9e51b37dbe49851af762978bf4497ede09e2e0aeabbba506"},{"id":"s41","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04555824","title":"A Phase 1a Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Healthy Volunteers","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / Beijing Northland Biotech. Co., Ltd.","date":"2018-06-20","author":"Beijing Northland Biotech. Co., Ltd.","quote":"Overall status: COMPLETED. Phase 1. Enrollment: 54 (actual).","summary":"NCT04555824. The only study to have generated human maximum tolerated dose, full pharmacokinetics (Cmax, Tmax, MRT, AUC, half-life, volume of distribution, clearance) and antibody-formation data for systemic full-length Tβ4. Results are not published in the searched literature.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"e94ac49210df584e9e51b37dbe49851af762978bf4497ede09e2e0aeabbba506","hash":"6e2e79b23abd8bb27ea89c2a30fccf4629a2903836dca9eca91e2bf9e87b92a6"},{"id":"s42","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05555589","title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of 0.1% RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solution for the Treatment of NK: SEER-2","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / ReGenTree, LLC","date":"2022-09","author":"ReGenTree, LLC","quote":"Overall status: RECRUITING. Phase 3. Enrollment: 70 (estimated).","summary":"NCT05555589. The successor to the terminated SEER-1, still recruiting. Neurotrophic keratopathy remains the indication where full-length Tβ4 has its clearest human signal and no approval.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"6e2e79b23abd8bb27ea89c2a30fccf4629a2903836dca9eca91e2bf9e87b92a6","hash":"a09e67020b9df93a74a750d9f2620a30a325841ddf1346d88937feaa9e44ba8c"},{"id":"s43","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03937882","title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Dry Eye Syndrome: ARISE-3","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / ReGenTree, LLC","date":"2021-10-07","author":"ReGenTree, LLC","quote":"Overall status: COMPLETED. Phase 3. Enrollment: 700 (actual).","summary":"NCT03937882. The largest completed trial of thymosin beta-4 in any indication, 700 patients, finished October 2021. No FDA approval has followed.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"a09e67020b9df93a74a750d9f2620a30a325841ddf1346d88937feaa9e44ba8c","hash":"23c3bfe6b179de1293be3666691b1ce93bf4e7a6b7fbad6524bae692e08809a5"},{"id":"s44","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02597803","title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Dry Eye Syndrome: ARISE-1","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / ReGenTree, LLC","date":"2016-07","author":"ReGenTree, LLC","quote":"Overall status: COMPLETED. Phase 2/Phase 3. Enrollment: 317 (actual).","summary":"NCT02597803. The first of the three completed dry-eye registration trials. ARISE-1, ARISE-2 and ARISE-3 together enrolled 1,618 patients.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"23c3bfe6b179de1293be3666691b1ce93bf4e7a6b7fbad6524bae692e08809a5","hash":"777dc3c804abd3aa5fff865a96bac64cb2460d8f5aa17b7fa0350d4f6f2567f8"},{"id":"s45","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01393132","title":"Comparative Study of Thymosin Beta 4 Eye Drops vs. Vehicle in the Treatment of Severe Dry Eye","publisher":"ClinicalTrials.gov / Michigan Cornea Consultants, PC","date":"2011","author":"Michigan Cornea Consultants, PC","quote":"Overall status: COMPLETED. Phase 2. Enrollment: 9 (actual).","summary":"NCT01393132. The registration behind the Cornea 2015 dry-eye paper: nine patients, 0.1% Tβ4 six times daily over 28 days, multicentre, randomised, double-masked, vehicle-controlled.","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T08:16:30.555Z","prev":"777dc3c804abd3aa5fff865a96bac64cb2460d8f5aa17b7fa0350d4f6f2567f8","hash":"14f781c2b2a24f143f5dcea8faa34e3bb3112d7bbb3bfb2a0249402c791b6eb9"},{"url":"https://x.com/PayHereSukka/status/2082956437056008230","title":"X · @PayHereSukka · 2026-07-30","quote":"Ran BPC 500mcg twice a day and 6mg of TB500 every 5th day for 6-8 weeks. Healed my torn rotator cuff","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_7b0irg5j","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:03.362Z","id":"w_7b0irg5j","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:03.362Z","prev":"14f781c2b2a24f143f5dcea8faa34e3bb3112d7bbb3bfb2a0249402c791b6eb9","hash":"4791e4c13fa3c7902de7edc2d602d8ec8de39c6f6ad3867c76921be842e35010","plain":"A torn rotator cuff reported healed over six to eight weeks. Two peptides were run together, so nothing separates TB-500 from the other one, and there is no scan or exam behind the word healed — only how the shoulder felt."},{"url":"https://x.com/MuroCrypto/status/2083184469956059529","title":"X · @MuroCrypto · 2026-07-31","quote":"My lowest disc in the lower back is dried out, almost no fluid left, classic herniated disc... In June I ran BPC-157 and TB-500 for about 6 weeks... After 3-4 weeks it already felt better. Now after the cycle, zero pain in biceps and shoulder. Disc still needs physio and rest, but already much better.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_ionqqvc2","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:04.277Z","id":"w_ionqqvc2","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:04.277Z","prev":"4791e4c13fa3c7902de7edc2d602d8ec8de39c6f6ad3867c76921be842e35010","hash":"694f822e1009f6f3d045d939e09468b1e5698a6fea57e445ad51ed0d28942f39","plain":"More careful than most: the shoulder and biceps pain went, the worn disc did not, and he says so plainly. Still two peptides at once, self-judged, with no repeat imaging of the dried-out disc he describes."},{"url":"https://x.com/jasonsvoboda/status/2081426443024961838","title":"X · @jasonsvoboda · 2026-07-26","quote":"Blew up my back in 2017. L4/L5/S1 severe disc herniation. Doc diagnosed me with degenerative disc disease, told me to quit lifting... Found the Wolverine stack and within a month I was pain free.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_t1lhudd5","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:04.457Z","id":"w_t1lhudd5","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:04.457Z","prev":"694f822e1009f6f3d045d939e09468b1e5698a6fea57e445ad51ed0d28942f39","hash":"de143b9c2cfcb60b35f8bba194110d690d812e553bbbc617123a6a151c47317b","plain":"A severe back injury from years earlier, reported pain-free within a month of starting the two-peptide stack. The diagnosis is specific, the outcome is not measured, and back pain of this kind rises and falls on its own."},{"url":"https://x.com/MithMuel/status/2071802227342340531","title":"X · @MithMuel · 2026-06-30","quote":"I've been doing subcutaneous BPC TB+500 injections on both sides of the L5-S1 and a month in, the pain is dramatically less... the pain has been horrible for 6 years but this stuff really works. I don't wake up in awful pain anymore!","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_srfrp1td","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:04.615Z","id":"w_srfrp1td","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:04.615Z","prev":"de143b9c2cfcb60b35f8bba194110d690d812e553bbbc617123a6a151c47317b","hash":"e9d0e80e384ff68ece05e8d128531e3663fb6285b4ba63153dedea94791c959b","plain":"Injected beside the painful segment rather than into it, after six years of constant pain. That long failed baseline is what gives the report weight; against it stand one person, two peptides at once, and no imaging."},{"url":"https://x.com/howdymary/status/2031137869285425498","title":"X · @howdymary · 2026-03-09","quote":"BPC-157 + TB-500 vastly accelerated my recovery timeline, eliminated my knee pain two days after i started, and brought the swelling in my jaw down within the week","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_7cn6wcbt","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:04.778Z","id":"w_7cn6wcbt","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:04.778Z","prev":"e9d0e80e384ff68ece05e8d128531e3663fb6285b4ba63153dedea94791c959b","hash":"f3e457684a505a9cae0c56cac64b603bc4552ae67425cbad2bb14f1c93d784b7","plain":"Relief inside two days is too fast to be tissue rebuilding — more likely swelling settling or ordinary day-to-day variation. Two peptides, two unrelated complaints, nothing measured."},{"url":"https://x.com/Das_Bear_/status/2071462119011492350","title":"X · @Das_Bear_ · 2026-06-29","quote":"I took it alongside TB-500 and it fixed my tennis elbow and was back to lifting also within two week.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_8aa4h36p","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:04.936Z","id":"w_8aa4h36p","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:04.936Z","prev":"f3e457684a505a9cae0c56cac64b603bc4552ae67425cbad2bb14f1c93d784b7","hash":"4f135437dfcb2f85dc3c6021e40fc6cafb1cc0e7ded4df707ccf102ffe2000fc","plain":"Tennis elbow described as fixed in two weeks while running two peptides. Short window, no exam, and tennis elbow frequently settles on rest alone, so nothing here rules out the rest."},{"url":"https://x.com/ryalljohnny1989/status/2084312093067513939","title":"X · @ryalljohnny1989 · 2026-08-03","quote":"I was dealing with a nagging golfers elbow for over a year. Would be tender the to the touch after hitting balls. Within a week of taking shots the pain started to disappear. Months later its compmetely healed.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_bpr3c1ux","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:05.131Z","id":"w_bpr3c1ux","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:05.131Z","prev":"4f135437dfcb2f85dc3c6021e40fc6cafb1cc0e7ded4df707ccf102ffe2000fc","hash":"fdfce98ef20bbae4631823de05f98fa7355bb6215b31df01108b1546afa5f277","plain":"A year of elbow pain that stayed tender to touch, then improvement inside a week and full resolution months later. The long failed baseline is the strength of it; no dose, no exam and no imaging are the weakness."},{"url":"https://x.com/caezcrypto1/status/2082943665832374561","title":"X · @caezcrypto1 · 2026-07-30","quote":"4 weeks 1mg bpc and then 4 weeks 2mg in knee. No acl or meniscus...knee has never felt better since before the injury years ago...also did tb500 twice a week total 4mg","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_4qf0wqtv","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:05.297Z","id":"w_4qf0wqtv","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:05.297Z","prev":"fdfce98ef20bbae4631823de05f98fa7355bb6215b31df01108b1546afa5f277","hash":"2dd35f0cf7bfc938eb421f594db6d121bcf079e129ce4392ea5d399dedd348d9","plain":"Unusually specific on amounts and schedule, including TB-500 twice weekly. He also states there was no ligament or cartilage tear — so what improved was pain in a knee with no structural damage named."},{"url":"https://x.com/L0V3lsKeY/status/2083868515438666186","title":"X · @L0V3lsKeY · 2026-08-02","quote":"Wednesday I woke up in severe pain in my L Leg. It was so bad I couldn't bear any weight... Peptides started in the afternoon. Leg 75% better in the evening... Saturday: Woke up 100% better.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_2m2r0oof","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:05.448Z","id":"w_2m2r0oof","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:05.448Z","prev":"2dd35f0cf7bfc938eb421f594db6d121bcf079e129ce4392ea5d399dedd348d9","hash":"b06847bd26858f73bc4ed382b9ac75be0e9a71585db8281198927dbd652a9d2f","plain":"Improvement within hours of the first injection. That speed argues against tissue repair and for something that was going to settle regardless — the clearest illustration on this page that fast relief is not proof of healing."},{"url":"https://x.com/tj_underwood/status/2083248032603107752","title":"X · @tj_underwood · 2026-07-31","quote":"Have done a BLAST OF TB 500 and BPC -157 and KPV! Have serious shoulder tear! Blasted all three for 2 weeks!... Took my shoulder from barely joking a cupping hand to back in gym!","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_1d35jifv","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:05.651Z","id":"w_1d35jifv","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:05.651Z","prev":"b06847bd26858f73bc4ed382b9ac75be0e9a71585db8281198927dbd652a9d2f","hash":"991c7c39e8ab39637bc0d86fa9015049920324a4c6d888f83df8993cd07ba390","plain":"Three peptides at once for two weeks on a shoulder tear, going from barely able to cup a hand to training again. Three compounds means no single one can be credited, and the tear was never looked at again."},{"url":"https://x.com/jordaaash/status/2038733749366755452","title":"X · @jordaaash · 2026-03-30","quote":"After a week of BPC-157 (8 injections, 500mcg subcutaneous abdominal), persistent ankle tendon pain from a snowboarding injury a year ago is barely noticeable... Yesterday I added TB-500 (1 injection, 2mg) as well","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_dmeyan6q","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:05.961Z","id":"w_dmeyan6q","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:05.961Z","prev":"991c7c39e8ab39637bc0d86fa9015049920324a4c6d888f83df8993cd07ba390","hash":"c31c639f2d6cc7af50422aeaf16caaa2fdd486ea1f19663785e09389489db09d","plain":"Worth reading for its timing rather than its outcome: the ankle improved on BPC-157 alone, and TB-500 went in only the day before he wrote this. Background on the stack, not evidence about TB-500."},{"url":"https://x.com/pepfessions/status/2084071774480736712","title":"X · @pepfessions · 2026-08-03","quote":"I tore both quad tendons in separate years, the first recovery had taken almost a year. After the second surgery... I added BPC-157 and TB-500. By month five, I was sprinting and jumping again","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_e9fjoshb","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:06.390Z","id":"w_e9fjoshb","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:06.390Z","prev":"c31c639f2d6cc7af50422aeaf16caaa2fdd486ea1f19663785e09389489db09d","hash":"8a86f039ea912003545b2e8060b565d00282572c1f5f70f1c7c877cfb03c769a","plain":"The same tendon torn twice in different years, once recovered without the peptides and once with — close to a person acting as their own comparison. Surgery and rehab ran alongside both, so the peptides cannot be pulled out of it."},{"url":"https://x.com/JonahLupton/status/2081490976510468316","title":"X · @JonahLupton · 2026-07-26","quote":"We still need more human trial data for peptides but I'm 95% sure that BPC-157 and TB-500 helped me heal from several injuries including my left knee and right ankle. I really thought I was going to need surgery for both.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_albnpbru","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:06.643Z","id":"w_albnpbru","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:06.643Z","prev":"8a86f039ea912003545b2e8060b565d00282572c1f5f70f1c7c877cfb03c769a","hash":"29670c56b2d25c1b15711a16512146f8ead375d9756e901dd581ae6f87f30722","plain":"States its own limits: he says the human trial data is missing and puts his confidence at a guess. A strong felt outcome on a knee and an ankle, with nothing behind it except how the joints now feel."},{"url":"https://x.com/GrantWest14/status/2010124835264111079","title":"X · @GrantWest14 · 2026-01-10","quote":"Slight tear of my rotator cuff. Surgery was a 5 month rehab timeline, instead I took bpc-157 and tb-500. Was back to full rotation in my shoulder and benching good weight by a month and a half!","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_z5qnxkqk","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:06.808Z","id":"w_z5qnxkqk","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:06.808Z","prev":"29670c56b2d25c1b15711a16512146f8ead375d9756e901dd581ae6f87f30722","hash":"f397e697b52f5ac4393f30f97e313d8c24514bb86cb378a1612306b3cdbf2b45","plain":"Measures his own recovery against the five-month rehab timeline he was quoted and comes in around six weeks. The comparison is to an estimate rather than a tracked course, and he calls the tear slight."},{"url":"https://x.com/_REDwave_2024/status/2057019155824652482","title":"X · @_REDwave_2024 · 2026-05-20","quote":"My 70 yr old dad tore rotator cuff and I had him do 1mg (BPC) injected daily in 2 doses for 4 months with 2-3x/weekly TB500 @ 2.5mg/dose. Within a few weeks, he was lifting his arm totally above his head again and all pain was gone.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_8ed1wjyh","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:06.997Z","id":"w_8ed1wjyh","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:06.997Z","prev":"f397e697b52f5ac4393f30f97e313d8c24514bb86cb378a1612306b3cdbf2b45","hash":"59637ce30fa09ee091d9b61d6254119f120a37918050d33f0f9163c24f632029","plain":"Second-hand, told by the son rather than the 70-year-old who took it. Amounts and schedule are given in full, which is rare here; the outcome is arm movement and pain by observation, with no follow-up scan."},{"url":"https://x.com/BenWolf1425771/status/2084389889303548201","title":"X · @BenWolf1425771 · 2026-08-03","quote":"Promise you peptides are No Joke, I used the wolverine stack (BPC-157 and TB-500) to alleviate lifelong shoulder and joint pains","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_t3aoiz9r","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:07.160Z","id":"w_t3aoiz9r","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:07.160Z","prev":"59637ce30fa09ee091d9b61d6254119f120a37918050d33f0f9163c24f632029","hash":"44a233c0e799ea763338f56d6e6f99e8b7d462872a9e8a5782d31df19d039e9f","plain":"No dose, no duration, no named injury — lifelong aches described as relieved. Thin even against the other reports here, and included so the enthusiastic end of the range is visible rather than filtered out."},{"url":"https://x.com/TheCaddieYardFL/status/2083641327833522639","title":"X · @TheCaddieYardFL · 2026-08-01","quote":"All of the soreness, aches, and pains that disappeared while on BPC/TB500 returned after about 6 weeks for me. I start back on Monday","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_ses7fkwk","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:07.352Z","id":"w_ses7fkwk","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:07.352Z","prev":"44a233c0e799ea763338f56d6e6f99e8b7d462872a9e8a5782d31df19d039e9f","hash":"07e757f08c708c88df8db781d107de5e2f43e7b989e776092807c77e2a8fe8cf","plain":"The relief did not hold: everything came back about six weeks after stopping. Read either as a real effect that faded or as one that was never there, it is a report against lasting repair — and he is going again anyway."},{"url":"https://x.com/prax1s_mm/status/2082901582627184835","title":"X · @prax1s_mm · 2026-07-30","quote":"Did 3mg of BCP & 5mg of TB500 daily for two weeks into my elbow. It didn't do jack shit. This is my 3rd time trying peptides for various joint/tendon stuff and my 3rd time not noticing any improvement at all.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_avr26qqh","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:07.503Z","id":"w_avr26qqh","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:07.503Z","prev":"07e757f08c708c88df8db781d107de5e2f43e7b989e776092807c77e2a8fe8cf","hash":"f273fb7ea48c6c8c795378b96d8cd8f27b0aefdebc939a13073a81f14517aa57","plain":"A flat no-effect report at amounts well above the usual range, injected right at the elbow, and his third failure with these peptides across different joints. Only two weeks, and no exam, but dose was clearly not the limit."},{"url":"https://x.com/replacementBux/status/2043445152849555478","title":"X · @replacementBux · 2026-04-12","quote":"Bpc and tb-500 did nothing for my elbow arthritis sadly. Used it for 6 weeks","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_hyq2egsc","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:07.699Z","id":"w_hyq2egsc","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:07.699Z","prev":"f273fb7ea48c6c8c795378b96d8cd8f27b0aefdebc939a13073a81f14517aa57","hash":"d5a56df16582c27de4faba04eb838c2a441d8dcfcf7a46d7017ab781669e93bf","plain":"Six weeks, no change, on arthritis rather than a fresh tear. Worn joint surfaces are a different problem from damaged tendon, and this is the plainest example of that line being crossed. No amounts given."},{"url":"https://x.com/moon25martin/status/2060514158739640718","title":"X · @moon25martin · 2026-05-30","quote":"I ran a heavy dose of klow into a heavy dose of bp-157 and tb500 for 2 months or more for my shoulder, did nothing, facing a shoulder replacement","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_fqd0nz38","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:07.856Z","id":"w_fqd0nz38","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:07.856Z","prev":"d5a56df16582c27de4faba04eb838c2a441d8dcfcf7a46d7017ab781669e93bf","hash":"bf505498af063081583c2b6228dd0f05dc83d93d97492acd26a6985bdc50d323","plain":"Two months on several peptides at heavy amounts and the shoulder is still headed for replacement. It marks the boundary of these reports: damage severe enough to need a new joint did not move."},{"url":"https://x.com/ToddMil03223111/status/2075223118067433536","title":"X · @ToddMil03223111 · 2026-07-09","quote":"Age 62... I am very limited on what I can do at this point due to the severity of pain. I have been doing BPC 157 +TB 500 for 7 weeks, no improvement yet.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_89es50pi","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.014Z","id":"w_89es50pi","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.014Z","prev":"bf505498af063081583c2b6228dd0f05dc83d93d97492acd26a6985bdc50d323","hash":"35706915e1bddf62bb5ba9d22f2926571c2aabb3177ee3946cf3b34d90bc7326","plain":"Seven weeks at 62, severe limiting pain, nothing so far. He frames it as no improvement yet, so this is an interim report rather than a final one, and the underlying problem is never named."},{"url":"https://x.com/HangryDBowman/status/2077974266339803140","title":"X · @HangryDBowman · 2026-07-16","quote":"I'm trying it to see if it helps at all with inflammation for my lower back. L4/5 bulge and L5/S1 herniation. Bpc and Tb did nothing I could notice.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_s75yt6kt","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.165Z","id":"w_s75yt6kt","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.165Z","prev":"35706915e1bddf62bb5ba9d22f2926571c2aabb3177ee3946cf3b34d90bc7326","hash":"c579a049ca28473487aeb6650d473109372ce44cd31b56e373e4cbca2d9184c5","plain":"Named disc damage at two levels, nothing noticeable from either peptide, and he has moved on to trying something else. Sits squarely against the disc improvement reports on this page — same region, same pair, opposite result."},{"url":"https://x.com/travfourr/status/2044547711114895786","title":"X · @travfourr · 2026-04-15","quote":"I personally used bpc 157/ tb 500 combo for my shoulder issue. Barely moved the needle. 3/10.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_lk8z70he","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.334Z","id":"w_lk8z70he","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.334Z","prev":"c579a049ca28473487aeb6650d473109372ce44cd31b56e373e4cbca2d9184c5","hash":"ed2297d985dcabab649883f4eb2b8a4627ca2c8238ca626c744ef7a947c004b6","plain":"Rates his shoulder result 3 out of 10 — not nothing, not much. No amounts, no duration, no diagnosis, but a rating carries more information than a bare yes or no."},{"url":"https://x.com/MittelstaedtTim/status/2064873594103222656","title":"X · @MittelstaedtTim · 2026-06-11","quote":"I had some pain there and leading up to my bicep area. Didn't get much relief from bpc157/tb500.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_fkvglkvn","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.491Z","id":"w_fkvglkvn","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.491Z","prev":"ed2297d985dcabab649883f4eb2b8a4627ca2c8238ca626c744ef7a947c004b6","hash":"dce63a5bd9884e69ac143e113682da1814edb5e89ec88132ac79ccec0dfc14fc","plain":"Little relief for pain running from the shoulder into the bicep. No amounts, no duration, no diagnosis — it counts as one more entry on the no-response side and nothing further."},{"url":"https://x.com/Gronnet/status/2048321787667103904","title":"X · @Gronnet · 2026-04-26","quote":"Just finished a bottle of oral liposomal BPC157+TB500 and it seems it did nothing :/ (hoping it would help heal my gut)","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_zj1lz4k4","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.642Z","id":"w_zj1lz4k4","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.642Z","prev":"dce63a5bd9884e69ac143e113682da1814edb5e89ec88132ac79ccec0dfc14fc","hash":"dc28fb60ef1e560e4c433181e850091b54ddd08ee97b05f1a4f0d3399b890a09","plain":"Swallowed rather than injected, aimed at the gut, and reported as no effect. The route is the catch: peptide taken by mouth has to survive digestion, so this says little about an injected dose."},{"url":"https://x.com/biotides/status/2074549220887941324","title":"X · @biotides · 2026-07-07","quote":"TB-500 made my shoulder left worse. I have bursitis and stopped TB and it's better. I was getting pain in left thumb and arm as well. I was pinning SubQ. I've used 3 different vendors who are legit. So I ruled out bad product. No issues with BPC-157.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_q1dsmvn0","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.867Z","id":"w_q1dsmvn0","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:08.867Z","prev":"dc28fb60ef1e560e4c433181e850091b54ddd08ee97b05f1a4f0d3399b890a09","hash":"73b9801eb1eb77bd16dcaa9d2f6f2b1d0d1fd1249aff166dd72132eef1d38220","plain":"The most informative negative here. He stopped TB-500 on its own and improved, carried on with BPC-157 with no trouble, and had already ruled out a bad batch across three suppliers. Stopping and recovering points at the compound."},{"url":"https://x.com/cryptotray79/status/2071013244072788255","title":"X · @cryptotray79 · 2026-06-14","quote":"i ran bpc 157 for few weeks felt decent then add tb 500 hand and skeletal felt worse i discontinued it it was the blend version 20mg","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_fgszb7lb","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:09.033Z","id":"w_fgszb7lb","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:09.033Z","prev":"73b9801eb1eb77bd16dcaa9d2f6f2b1d0d1fd1249aff166dd72132eef1d38220","hash":"f85d5ed6a7491a2a1f4f8ff31a95b35502d74a5059bfa5783fc6854d05d846f8","plain":"Fine on BPC-157, worse once TB-500 was added, better again after dropping it — the one-thing-at-a-time pattern that makes a single report worth reading. It was a pre-mixed blend, so the real amount of each is uncertain."},{"url":"https://x.com/stateofnomind/status/2031391204232016324","title":"X · @stateofnomind · 2026-03-10","quote":"Not my proudest moment, but after BPC-157 and TB-500 from the gray market, I got hives all over my body.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_dwju43tz","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:09.182Z","id":"w_dwju43tz","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:09.182Z","prev":"f85d5ed6a7491a2a1f4f8ff31a95b35502d74a5059bfa5783fc6854d05d846f8","hash":"bb028c0fc8326fa52ca142a8933072996e6e3df5dfa43d3fb3985151065f6473","plain":"Hives across the whole body after gray-market material. Two peptides and an unverified source, so the reaction could come from either one or from whatever else was in the vial — which is the point about unregulated supply."},{"url":"https://x.com/GetterBankWest/status/2028322438984175693","title":"X · @GetterBankWest · 2026-03-02","quote":"I took tb500 and bpc 157 mix for 3 days at 0.750 7.5 units on a 3mm needle i had some Hives show up on each side of love handles not the injection sites... Ive done research my self and stopped for now","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_nad31utv","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:09.329Z","id":"w_nad31utv","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:09.329Z","prev":"bb028c0fc8326fa52ca142a8933072996e6e3df5dfa43d3fb3985151065f6473","hash":"4c3427bca7126636ed6a8478254034bd05f99e42506da0c3cfec2e151e4b099e","plain":"Hives after three days, appearing away from the injection sites rather than at them, which makes it a whole-body reaction rather than local irritation. A mixed product, a very short run, and he stopped there."},{"url":"https://x.com/AmbrosesDrink/status/2084497141234598355","title":"X · @AmbrosesDrink · 2026-08-04","quote":"nothing moved the needle more re gut barrier symptoms than TB500. Until the development of an MCAS-like picture, it began to flair immune Sx: itching, hives from heat, etc.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_llsxbr8a","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:09.486Z","id":"w_llsxbr8a","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:09.486Z","prev":"4c3427bca7126636ed6a8478254034bd05f99e42506da0c3cfec2e151e4b099e","hash":"20128f4d1518f3302b76f9b361e21b48fb8e220446bbf8db5f9161674055e94b","plain":"Both directions from one compound: the best gut response he had, then an immune picture with itching and heat-triggered hives. One person, nothing tested to confirm the description, and no way to separate benefit from cause."},{"url":"https://x.com/UndergroundBio/status/2084421599072039066","title":"X · @UndergroundBio · 2026-08-03","quote":"I ran TB-500 for a shoulder injury and got a head rush that lasted maybe 20 minutes. Injection site was red for a day.","claim_ids":[],"_id":"w_wuu78tg1","_ts":"2026-08-04T19:07:09.637Z","id":"w_wuu78tg1","type":"source","accessed_at":"2026-08-04T19:07:09.637Z","prev":"20128f4d1518f3302b76f9b361e21b48fb8e220446bbf8db5f9161674055e94b","hash":"6cc32d0f775dcb189e63f90ac8c75c6712c3c65b8c6972dfa552eef675f151a8","plain":"Two mild, short-lived effects — a head rush of about twenty minutes and a red injection site for a day. Minor as described, and the kind of immediate reaction that almost never gets written down anywhere."}]}