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When breakdown stays ahead of repair, injury or disease persists. Most drugs block signals such as pain or swelling without rebuilding the tissue that created the signal. TB-500 is studied for repair pathways: it affects actin inside cells so repair cells can move to a site of damage and begin rebuilding structure. 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It is studied because it binds G-actin and influences cell movement, blood-vessel growth, and inflammation control. The ledger records 35 sources total on this compound.","status":"active","vx_hash":"5f944786bd0b0ee09fb5e3b11c5438d924b04c51ffbfde370327dcd76d86eebb","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"8660e67290fb42c7004d55bf3914a0a9c24fe778425764109cd94ba56526e1a3","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"bb7203089f25609e95e5ba12196504265ce6e6163cafca51bf1eb040623d8a77","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":4,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"8660e67290fb42c7004d55bf3914a0a9c24fe778425764109cd94ba56526e1a3"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d4"},{"id":"d5","kind":"h","type":null,"order":5,"text":"## How it works","status":"active","vx_hash":"cc4d012adedacf58c10820b6b11633398902ba862eb24e97be0102a63793fbe3","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"07cc97c5bc5e7dd61244505bc8f2c40e6bb23e4407ec049a6545dff92ef18bae","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"5ae438610cf16e31eb584a453d76f45d94f6d1bb14751446ac4e99e3e37c33a8","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":5,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"07cc97c5bc5e7dd61244505bc8f2c40e6bb23e4407ec049a6545dff92ef18bae"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d5"},{"id":"d6","kind":"p","type":null,"order":6,"text":"Step 1: TB-500 binds free G-actin inside cells.\nStep 2: This binding frees up actin monomers for new filament assembly at the leading edge of a cell.\nStep 3: Cells can therefore migrate toward injury sites.\nStep 4: Migrating cells release signals that support new vessel formation and reduce excess inflammation.\nStep 5: The net result is faster re-closure of wounds and faster deposition of repair matrix in animal models.","status":"active","vx_hash":"ec8684fe3ba0c5df348ab12c73619457d87022b153e6ba522e0269b789ac4056","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"0fa404a7f6ecb9577b7cbd88a9a854ba07d4f633638cb39de60bc5f497e0028a","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"f8bc4736b4e1212a903aef6606fe31b7a1cc35b3802a21ab69b2e796d2b1759e","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":6,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"0fa404a7f6ecb9577b7cbd88a9a854ba07d4f633638cb39de60bc5f497e0028a"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d6"},{"id":"d7","kind":"h","type":null,"order":7,"text":"## Why it would work (logic chain)","status":"active","vx_hash":"4b968fd46dd86de4100a1a564b5d90d1ade914fcc454c539f2bc90a2f22d26f0","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"2f2cdd2aaedaa9336ec63ab1cf1cb14e2f92c3eb09dd98270cd127eb4dfc2453","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"4d2830fe66086d6e85c12196286ee2de9920cbad3c3c98da2c874707a0885815","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":7,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"2f2cdd2aaedaa9336ec63ab1cf1cb14e2f92c3eb09dd98270cd127eb4dfc2453"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d7"},{"id":"d8","kind":"p","type":null,"order":8,"text":"If actin sequestration lets cells move, then more repair cells reach the wound. If more cells reach the wound, then re-epithelialization and matrix deposition increase. If matrix deposition increases, then structural repair occurs sooner than in controls. Each link follows from the prior step.","status":"active","vx_hash":"2503c1c04b6b392df306a7d34dc5c2e0d3c74f5260187788a0bdac4d517fca22","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"58d26a9fdb59cb3466d270c5b34ae6a3344e854d9a4500b6f4ed862a1299aff9","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"4e3eaa4b2a4a14ab871476f537cace8b77886fc4f358cd6f72328d7f571a83f0","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":8,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"58d26a9fdb59cb3466d270c5b34ae6a3344e854d9a4500b6f4ed862a1299aff9"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d8"},{"id":"d9","kind":"h","type":null,"order":9,"text":"## Why people take it","status":"active","vx_hash":"f4f567c1bc4dc90e46779810ea2d33a8f96df7c903a39c4040449c3cc4fab333","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"82c792b9ce1529915b0d5fc6448f4a4dc5b31e7666b9a54ef5fcb1ab48c1b327","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"b8c1f34ace0034b5eeca4d5e279fa8f6cec55f2537e1196408c3146788efc8b6","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":9,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"82c792b9ce1529915b0d5fc6448f4a4dc5b31e7666b9a54ef5fcb1ab48c1b327"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d9"},{"id":"d10","kind":"p","type":null,"order":10,"text":"People take it when they want support for tissue that is slow to repair: tendons, ligaments, muscle tears, skin ulcers, or post-surgical sites. The goal is to shift the balance toward regeneration rather than prolonged degeneration.","status":"active","vx_hash":"a868269009b4004b3e76d8a910d6125c4321a9fd6d7df498db1219736695a1d0","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"d7932c21788610896fe421bc6e96c25784c1fd71aa237c8e5f4a9c2bb67edd9a","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"17af8d92b7c832fb59c01760a223b5a213b28e6000938fa51eff8201713cc8a0","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":10,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"d7932c21788610896fe421bc6e96c25784c1fd71aa237c8e5f4a9c2bb67edd9a"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d10"},{"id":"d11","kind":"h","type":null,"order":11,"text":"## How many people take it","status":"active","vx_hash":"540bbeb0ad32e2cca2cc54663c2dfc50a4bb92c21bab45ea0a223d8d73be9549","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"33c12ac008a6aab019e3f898d5f762fd4bc7857f8c6649836d98d9e142ebc7ea","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"ecaf3b2a00962679296b05d11a617f36afb9c5c0fa08ef38581bba97bbe6e9d0","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":11,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"33c12ac008a6aab019e3f898d5f762fd4bc7857f8c6649836d98d9e142ebc7ea"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d11"},{"id":"d12","kind":"p","type":null,"order":12,"text":"The ledger does not contain population counts. No reliable figure exists for total users.","status":"active","vx_hash":"38ab676e63729203eacb1d228dae9162dcb0021855c20658d2ea30b3b36caa7a","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"c745e4c14f776a9414284e2146a5d48bb7cbe1b8a2e1778c35ead74d1bcefc9b","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"fc077554fe1a7ac365ae15a133d8ff51a2b50c235fdd01475908a99f5b167a6b","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":12,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"c745e4c14f776a9414284e2146a5d48bb7cbe1b8a2e1778c35ead74d1bcefc9b"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d12"},{"id":"d13","kind":"h","type":null,"order":13,"text":"## Evidence inventory","status":"active","vx_hash":"d54c3a4c7a74c3f4d440d2bf908611df23f2e59b3a6a7927502ab015b6caff00","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"a5fec6ca2b5b39f4db191b8954bfc42f58de62b2b4e70a439ae1fc6efa8f1b88","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"1a923749300b98146490d68bea892e058931a4f71936ca9b8303d9bf31c8d483","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":13,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"a5fec6ca2b5b39f4db191b8954bfc42f58de62b2b4e70a439ae1fc6efa8f1b88"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d13"},{"id":"d14","kind":"list","type":null,"order":14,"text":"- 1 human safety study (source s3)\n- 2 human wound-healing trials (sources s4, s15)\n- 28 preclinical or mechanistic sources (animal, cell, or review)\n- 7 Reddit posts (sources s10, s11, s16, s18, s19, s27, s28)\n- 3 other anecdote sources (sources s17, s20, s21)\n- 0 X posts","status":"active","vx_hash":"60d212c80e03f458660972584750c6ebb530e7620e195b17bab096b6fce51ae7","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"6a23833531b52ae7b84fc8e30ac7d32377a86b753c1a3b1f64077f1c0d02ae95","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"bb7a7e43c48bee3f4bf123e9dbbc30b722d267b7e2d630832fe4f6c95ac0e542","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":14,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"6a23833531b52ae7b84fc8e30ac7d32377a86b753c1a3b1f64077f1c0d02ae95"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d14"},{"id":"d15","kind":"p","type":null,"order":15,"text":"Total sources: 35. Human data remain sparse; most evidence is preclinical or anecdotal.","status":"active","vx_hash":"46c0f63962436c7eecd2225b2ead8d3e0e70ff13a867b44266b95b365d7ef5b7","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"04d38152d4518e96ea0d0be412f48d0c4cda6b274a6c3ee046c4a8e3665b214f","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"6bea705044f5cb7d46165ef67b8bc7afdb81e238ee4d20231c05688192049869","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":15,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"04d38152d4518e96ea0d0be412f48d0c4cda6b274a6c3ee046c4a8e3665b214f"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d15"},{"id":"d16","kind":"h","type":null,"order":16,"text":"## What scientists say","status":"active","vx_hash":"f11b5ac76ca27647a41b6639792f971264e25aa8ad443760b3431930fa1d34b5","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"249710171dd5f7e4c2738354cb39669e628a3186f5f7e8f642c0ffdf9b50a262","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"2f1dd55083de1fa734f2f06a8337a050d5a0b3f635bfc8bb709abab75705a1ef","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":16,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"249710171dd5f7e4c2738354cb39669e628a3186f5f7e8f642c0ffdf9b50a262"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d16"},{"id":"d17","kind":"p","type":null,"order":17,"text":"Source s1 (review) states thymosin beta-4 “plays a vital role in the repair and regeneration of injured cells and tissues.”\nSource s2 (rat study) found topical or intraperitoneal thymosin beta-4 increased re-epithelialization by 42 % at day 4 and up to 61 % at day 7 versus saline. This proves faster closure in that model but does not prove the same result in humans.\nSource s3 (Phase 1) gave intravenous thymosin beta-4 to healthy volunteers at doses from 42 mg to 1260 mg; it was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicity. This shows short-term safety in that setting but does not test efficacy.\nSource s4 (Phase 2) reported that topical thymosin beta-4 accelerated healing by nearly one month in some patients with stasis or pressure ulcers who healed. This shows a possible benefit in those wound types but leaves open the question of consistency across all patients.\nSource s6 (2026 review) notes preclinical promise in tissue repair yet states human orthopaedic data are lacking. Source s7 (2024) developed analytical methods and screened wound-healing activity in vitro. Source s13 tested an enzyme-responsive hydrogel containing TB-500 on corneal injury in an animal model and observed repair. Source s14 reviews thymosin beta-4 for kidney fibrosis and inflammation. Source s22 reports an engineered tandem peptide version improved corneal healing in a 2025 study. Source s33 links thymosin beta-4 to vascular repair via interaction with CCN5. All these findings remain preclinical or early-stage; none establish routine clinical use.","status":"active","vx_hash":"e4a9380192f9ee1a617126e317e67ebb6a1a9f1ed0699500d862aa8fb79a422f","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"e51fc11a00d8a44a9e6c8967761bd9dfc7a9897b2b18284ffffdd81f5a581333","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"61eec5cf6ce1767045c9bb10c04915d3057bdc74c7fb3e64c6839c2e307226a4","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":17,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"e51fc11a00d8a44a9e6c8967761bd9dfc7a9897b2b18284ffffdd81f5a581333"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d17"},{"id":"d18","kind":"h","type":null,"order":18,"text":"## What people say on Reddit","status":"active","vx_hash":"06b7d47028be1a40985f19ba23fc39c8e714e989d78340355151463bfc3c5ddf","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"9520964f63524e83c2aafcd0401e8d9b95d90e4f410c0570471a9388f51c0eee","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"feb303756a303788527cf602bf2c3c6b00ab8c384fb9fff4baa9ffc53e0049c3","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":18,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"9520964f63524e83c2aafcd0401e8d9b95d90e4f410c0570471a9388f51c0eee"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d18"},{"id":"d19","kind":"p","type":null,"order":19,"text":"Source s10 describes TB-500 as studied for systemic tissue regeneration separate from blood-flow effects of BPC-157.\nSource s11 reports a user combined TB-500 with BPC-157 after a meniscus tear when surgery was declined.\nSource s16 documents use of the “Wolverine Stack” (BPC-157 + TB-500) after ACL and meniscus surgery.\nSource s18 describes a user who developed hives, throat swelling, and was hospitalized after continuing TB-500 following an adverse reaction to BPC-157.\nSource s19 discusses strange side effects in a thread about the same combination.\nSource s27 covers genetics and oral versus injectable forms.\nSource s28 states one user experienced “3 months of healing in a few weeks” with zero negatives after ACL recovery. Anecdotes supply real-world timing and symptom reports but cannot replace controlled trials.","status":"active","vx_hash":"463790a6ed5c7946a37ce3c40d970378b8eb89aabed3313443fe405212e5c647","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"c8f4f152b38713e733e75c83bd55a308e78776d9e6878f4a49719d4b3e1eeed4","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"0fb6ab904b9560d56bdb6c27509cffce1ab4aa3ebd9872713aa28069dd5b63e7","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":19,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"c8f4f152b38713e733e75c83bd55a308e78776d9e6878f4a49719d4b3e1eeed4"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d19"},{"id":"d20","kind":"h","type":null,"order":20,"text":"## What people say on X","status":"active","vx_hash":"7cd35ee759918860ff88643bb62f375c2354a7e57375bc8d6e5250e1a724ec36","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"41f14b3b7af8d98d336d2b3f00eb05a3cb477ecbc89167497cf39d1887c0c864","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"4dd8bbfdb0452cc6235c2300209b5132daba3913b8f54ab179b1a73109c298dd","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":20,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"41f14b3b7af8d98d336d2b3f00eb05a3cb477ecbc89167497cf39d1887c0c864"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d20"},{"id":"d21","kind":"p","type":null,"order":21,"text":"The ledger records zero X posts.","status":"active","vx_hash":"385d383fd89266ff15434874b0ba6ac182afbcd969f161e18c44374200e1f91a","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"40e9e1a2d984fa872a8a8ccbeb8c305543d80a6a3904fbbcb5253c21af08c346","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"0cfe8972777fbf55c23e45b83133cfa2e615f509d059d37ea6d5b781ce32e07e","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":21,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"40e9e1a2d984fa872a8a8ccbeb8c305543d80a6a3904fbbcb5253c21af08c346"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d21"},{"id":"d22","kind":"h","type":null,"order":22,"text":"## What we do not know","status":"active","vx_hash":"16db44365c3d714d55673ccb5248225c478ba485d6675c2f43548c292b29e21c","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"39366f4ffac59a54773fad87fa38a094f8fd893d1dbb4e2a33ceee354349775e","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"7d96a49fba77f6a48c0321db2ae4180a902beae62e2aac0d23408fbf8333a177","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":22,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"39366f4ffac59a54773fad87fa38a094f8fd893d1dbb4e2a33ceee354349775e"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d22"},{"id":"d23","kind":"p","type":null,"order":23,"text":"It is unknown whether the wound-healing rates seen in rat and early human ulcer trials repeat across diverse human injuries or patient groups (source s1, source s6). Human orthopaedic data remain absent. Long-term safety beyond the listed Phase 1 window is not catalogued. Product quality of commercial versions varies; source s8 found inconsistencies and adulteration in tested internet products. Expression changes of thymosin beta-4 in Alzheimer models are noted (source s12) but functional outcomes in humans are not established.","status":"active","vx_hash":"52b31076bec1ca514fff9d1b1c1bc013c2713e420af06b1aedb2ed968a0a36d6","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"a9cd79140f5f7c4c1b50a9ef0362badcde88dff696bf9b014a38b5cbd51d73a8","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"b2c3f30a467726d6efabf2105b1cb3b29bf35c261b80964e68648911a447d23f","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":23,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"a9cd79140f5f7c4c1b50a9ef0362badcde88dff696bf9b014a38b5cbd51d73a8"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d23"},{"id":"d24","kind":"h","type":null,"order":24,"text":"## Safety and limits","status":"active","vx_hash":"335e4c0d839ab2af1ee2c18f471be5bf8eb233afad72341fe210953675522171","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"cf1f948c2a97fc6eafbaba123e369ec8aea61bc2a3ad41f75b7608b53e454ef5","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"404f7427c043c6ec7a5cb4416bbec9ec336e19f8757fb217be5c5c2161ff8cb6","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":24,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"cf1f948c2a97fc6eafbaba123e369ec8aea61bc2a3ad41f75b7608b53e454ef5"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:11.927Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/tb-500/d24"},{"id":"d25","kind":"p","type":null,"order":25,"text":"Source s3 found no dose-limiting toxicity in short-term intravenous use in healthy volunteers. Source s18 records one severe allergic reaction leading to hospitalization. Source s6 notes both thymosin beta-4 and TB-500 remain banned in sports. Commercial product analysis (source s8) shows variability in content. 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rats.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"2fe7c37de6555c86f4126eaea9c4bf1129054427d97cb5bcbb2102ba578a0b57","prev":"1ea56e216f8aa65d8dc8795a9e9bd254a7af4874df0e7cd29b3cd7e26d454306"},{"id":"s20","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14625258/","title":"Role of thymosin beta4 in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis (JNCI 2003)","quote":"Thymosin beta4 may stimulate tumor metastasis by activating cell migration and angiogenesis.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"02df30fbb98e8576a851c1de2c4cbea56b0aa15427208e7cc95a7bba5d4478a7","prev":"2fe7c37de6555c86f4126eaea9c4bf1129054427d97cb5bcbb2102ba578a0b57"},{"id":"s21","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19833631/","title":"Thymosin beta4 has tumor suppressive effects in multiple myeloma","quote":"Tbeta4 overexpression led to significantly decreased proliferative and migratory capacities and increased sensitivity to apoptosis-induction.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"87bf1117a31eb20225774a1a383d7895f4d22060790d4663a5c46a88eb64a6cd","prev":"02df30fbb98e8576a851c1de2c4cbea56b0aa15427208e7cc95a7bba5d4478a7"},{"id":"s22","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193349/download","title":"FDA Briefing Document, Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee — TB-500-Related Bulk Drug Substances (TB-500 free base and TB-500 acetate)","quote":"TB-500 (free base) is understood today to be a seven amino acid synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4 (β4) from amino acids 17 to 23 and an acetyl group at the N-terminal leucine amino acid (Ac-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln-OH). … thymosin beta-4 and TB-500 are not the same substance. … no articles were found in which TB-500 was administered to humans. … Therefore, potential safety risks associated ","summary":"The only regulatory characterisation of TB-500 as a substance. States the fragment/protein distinction in writing, records zero human exposure data by any route, reports that TB-500 free base 'appeared to be devoid of wound-healing properties' in vitro, notes acetylation 'irreversibly alters their c","claim_ids":[],"hash":"181a7b2d744eb9c94b2e82281294a522151ed269f8c9c01d0ab022f7af867c99","prev":"87bf1117a31eb20225774a1a383d7895f4d22060790d4663a5c46a88eb64a6cd"},{"id":"s23","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf","title":"World Anti-Doping Code International Standard — Prohibited List 2026, section S2.3","quote":"Thymosin-ß4 and its derivatives e.g. TB-500 … and other growth factors or growth factor modulators affecting muscle, tendon or ligament protein synthesis/degradation, vascularisation, energy utilization, regenerative capacity or fibre type switching. … PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION) … All prohibited substances in this class are non-Specified Substances.","summary":"TB-500 named by name under S2.3 Growth Factors and Growth Factor Modulators, prohibited in and out of competition, non-Specified tier. The catch-all clause names muscle, tendon and ligament explicitly.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"b92aa31e3f1570cc3515dd46c5b91358a0ce7b0bed8acf24c15b26067e9825e1","prev":"181a7b2d744eb9c94b2e82281294a522151ed269f8c9c01d0ab022f7af867c99"},{"id":"s24","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.pharmexec.com/view/fda-votes-loosen-restrictions-four-peptides","title":"FDA Panel Votes to Loosen Restrictions for Four Peptides","quote":"voted 8-6 in favor of allowing Bpc-157, Kpv and Tb-500 to be compounded, with one abstention … The votes do not make the peptides FDA-approved drugs … FDA is not bound by the panel's recommendations … The advisory committee's recommendation still triggers a formal rulemaking cycle that realistically runs eight to twelve months","summary":"Reports the 23–24 July 2026 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee vote, taken against FDA's own written recommendation. TB-500 remains off the 503A Bulks List and not legally compoundable pending rulemaking.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"9d6badacf18605bcdf541a301f7448297f15bb05799ae9232ffadcaeebc7216a","prev":"b92aa31e3f1570cc3515dd46c5b91358a0ce7b0bed8acf24c15b26067e9825e1"},{"id":"s25","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542926/","title":"Effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: A histopathological and biomechanical study","quote":"higher maximum load to failure values in the BPC-157 and TB-500 groups compared to controls, reaching statistical significance in the TB-500 group (p < 0.05) … significantly lower total Bonar scores in the TB-500 group (p = 0.016) … Combined BPC-157 and TB-500 treatment did not confer additional benefits compared to either agent alone","summary":"PMID 42542926. The only tendon-strength study using TB-500 itself. 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats, Achilles transection and repair, four arms of eight, four weeks of intraperitoneal dosing: BPC-157 10 µg/kg/day, TB-500 60 µg/kg/day, combination, control. Authors call it exploratory and stop short of cl","claim_ids":[],"hash":"ce1e1f5971b5d67bf5525ee314741cca095243647a4b884e5d29cce9fdf68b60","prev":"9d6badacf18605bcdf541a301f7448297f15bb05799ae9232ffadcaeebc7216a"},{"id":"s26","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20880960/","title":"Muscle injury-induced thymosin β4 acts as a chemoattractant for myoblasts","quote":"muscle injury enhances the local production of Tβ4, thereby promoting the migration of myoblasts","summary":"PMID 20880960. Tβ4 and thymosin β10 are upregulated early in regenerating muscle fibres and inflammatory haematopoietic cells; Tβ4 and its sulphoxidised form accelerate closure and increase chemotaxis of C2C12 myoblasts and of primary myoblasts from adult satellite cells. Establishes the skeletal-mu","claim_ids":[],"hash":"392b49dae83324c8925194f9d6097e2e0a3c6c9ea704782cdf9ebb6c0153b1d5","prev":"ce1e1f5971b5d67bf5525ee314741cca095243647a4b884e5d29cce9fdf68b60"},{"id":"s27","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20536458/","title":"Thymosin beta4 enhances repair by organizing connective tissue and preventing the appearance of myofibroblasts","quote":"few myofibroblasts and fibroblasts with alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) stained stress fibers … longer, thicker collagen fiber bundles with intense yellow-red birefringence","summary":"PMID 20536458. 100 µg of Tβ4 delivered on days 2, 3 and 4 through polyvinyl alcohol sponge implants in subcutaneous pockets in Sprague-Dawley rats, read at day 14. Control implants contained mostly myofibroblasts; treated wounds were significantly narrower. The mechanistic basis for 'repair instead ","claim_ids":[],"hash":"e2cfa54fa6ba97bd6b6acf0decd9a01702b471797ee95ceb4ed75c67abcf67a1","prev":"392b49dae83324c8925194f9d6097e2e0a3c6c9ea704782cdf9ebb6c0153b1d5"},{"id":"s28","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9655242/","title":"The Role of Tβ4-POP-Ac-SDKP Axis in Organ Fibrosis","quote":"Thymosin β4 is a water-soluble peptide with a highly conserved structure composed of 43 amino acid residues … After the cleavage of Tβ4 into NH2-terminal intermediate peptides less than 30 amino acids in length by metalloprotease meprin α, POP hydrolyzes these intermediate peptides to ultimately release N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) … exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing ","summary":"PMID 36362069, PMCID PMC9655242. Establishes that Ac-SDKP is released from the N-terminus of Tβ4, which is why the anti-fibrotic literature does not transfer to TB-500 (residues 17–23). Also the source for the named anti-inflammatory cytokine targets.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"557bb2e888330719e76c1a713e086744a5ddfc1ae60429b84ea6a148a36b4d89","prev":"e2cfa54fa6ba97bd6b6acf0decd9a01702b471797ee95ceb4ed75c67abcf67a1"},{"id":"s29","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26962108/","title":"The anti-inflammatory peptide Ac-SDKP is released from thymosin-β4 by renal meprin-α and prolyl oligopeptidase","quote":"POP can only hydrolyze peptides shorter than 30 amino acids, and Tβ4 is 43 amino acids long … no Ac-SDKP was released when Tβ4 was incubated with either meprin-α or POP alone","summary":"PMID 26962108, PMCID PMC4889319. Definitive two-enzyme mechanism for Ac-SDKP generation. Meprin-α knockout kidneys failed to release Ac-SDKP from Tβ4; the meprin-α inhibitor actinonin blocked release in rat kidney homogenate and cut captopril-raised plasma Ac-SDKP from 15.1 to 6.1 nmol/l (P < 0.005)","claim_ids":[],"hash":"477722bfe24b1df2a3e69cd7536b7f51aeec4a074b2b1d11228f7a69fb432647","prev":"557bb2e888330719e76c1a713e086744a5ddfc1ae60429b84ea6a148a36b4d89"},{"id":"s30","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31753373/","title":"Electrospun thymosin Beta-4 loaded PLGA/PLA nanofiber/microfiber hybrid yarns for tendon tissue engineering application","quote":"thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) loaded PLGA/PLA HY presented a sustained drug release manner for 28 days … showed an additive effect on promoting HADMSC migration, proliferation, and tenogenic differentiation","summary":"PMID 31753373, PMCID PMC7061461. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on a Tβ4-releasing scaffold move toward a tendon phenotype. Evidence that the field treats sustained local delivery, not systemic injection, as the route to a tendon.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"69cfd17d2a8b6fe276e34a37212cba5558dd2e5a3ab53a386a809e62a5e45691","prev":"477722bfe24b1df2a3e69cd7536b7f51aeec4a074b2b1d11228f7a69fb432647"},{"id":"s31","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15565145/","title":"Thymosin beta4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair","quote":"resulted in upregulation of ILK and Akt activity in the heart, enhanced early myocyte survival and improved cardiac function","summary":"PMID 15565145. Tβ4 forms a functional complex with PINCH and integrin-linked kinase, activating Akt. Model: coronary artery ligation in mice, dosed intraperitoneally, intracardiacally or both, every third day. The named signalling axis behind the cardiac programme.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"44582c8a8d96d82a261f68643881f3f6556a59ba248903b7fb2da8c2facc8443","prev":"69cfd17d2a8b6fe276e34a37212cba5558dd2e5a3ab53a386a809e62a5e45691"},{"id":"s32","type":"pubmed","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9820614/","title":"0.1% RGN-259 (Thymosin β4) Ophthalmic Solution Promotes Healing and Improves Comfort in Neurotrophic Keratopathy Patients in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Masked Phase III Clinical Trial","quote":"Complete healing occurred after 4 weeks in 6 of the 10 RGN-259-treated subjects and in 1 of the 8 placebo-treated subjects","summary":"PMID 36613994, PMCID PMC9820614. Stages 2–3 neurotrophic keratopathy, 0.1% five times daily for 43 days, 10 treated versus 8 placebo. Day 29 complete healing 60% vs 12.5%, p = 0.0656 — the four-week primary comparison did not reach significance. Day 43: 50% vs 0%, p = 0.0359. The underlying registra","claim_ids":[],"hash":"6c438f6ae6445f78335e68b788d164b648e2fca9a8939aa31af95d416e278fe9","prev":"44582c8a8d96d82a261f68643881f3f6556a59ba248903b7fb2da8c2facc8443"},{"id":"s33","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05485818","title":"Safety and Efficacy Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (NL005)","quote":"Change of myocardial infarction area on Day 5 and day 90 after PCI","summary":"NCT05485818. Completed Phase 2, 62 enrolled, arms Low / Middle / High Dose and placebo. Recombinant human full-length Tβ4 (NL005), intravenous. The only systemic Tβ4 programme still generating human data.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"e22a0a70e75c169258459f6732a9150390666e5263d3416728eb4383e3b3b573","prev":"6c438f6ae6445f78335e68b788d164b648e2fca9a8939aa31af95d416e278fe9"},{"id":"s34","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00743769","title":"A Phase 1 Safety Study of the Intravenous Administration of Thymosin Beta in Healthy Volunteers","quote":"Study never initiated due to contract manufacturing issues … A single bolus injections of ascending doses of 42 mg, 140 mg, 420 mg or 1,260 QD (once a day)","summary":"NCT00743769. WITHDRAWN, actual enrolment 0. The flagship intravenous safety and pharmacokinetics study for full-length Tβ4 never ran, so no completed dedicated Phase 1 IV dataset exists. Note the intended dose scale: 42 to 1,260 mg.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"a1f0afe08d035deb100fc4e903acae73c76d0a067a5c376d0d5f4b56e0cadc0e","prev":"e22a0a70e75c169258459f6732a9150390666e5263d3416728eb4383e3b3b573"},{"id":"s35","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07487363","title":"TB-500 (Thymosin Beta 4 17-23 Fragment) for Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Stable ASCVD — 'TBRIDGE-CV' [self-declared fictional example record]","quote":"This fictional study is an example of a ClinicalTrials.gov-style record. … The specific dose levels are protocol-defined and are not provided in this public example.","summary":"NCT07487363. The only registry record whose intervention is TB-500 itself, and the record declares itself a fictional template. Any citation of this NCT as evidence of a human TB-500 trial is citing a demonstration entry.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"543b13f118b4700c01c2097b18ec37ffa8cf066a84078cd91ba329475591f5af","prev":"a1f0afe08d035deb100fc4e903acae73c76d0a067a5c376d0d5f4b56e0cadc0e"},{"id":"s36","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01311518","title":"A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Injectable Thymosin Beta 4 for Treating Acute Myocardial Infarction","quote":"Overall status: WITHDRAWN. Actual enrollment: 0.","summary":"NCT01311518. Phase 2, MRI infarct-zone primary endpoint, withdrawn with zero enrolled. The second of the two RegeneRx cardiac trials never to enrol a patient.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"af2a36a5d92dad932297dadba6316e55de5648c070ab6489d53b15c92f3d7ec3","prev":"543b13f118b4700c01c2097b18ec37ffa8cf066a84078cd91ba329475591f5af"},{"id":"s37","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00311766","title":"A Phase 2 Study on Effect of Thymosin Beta 4 on Wound Healing in Patients With Epidermolysis Bullosa","quote":"Overall status: TERMINATED. Enrollment: 30 (actual).","summary":"NCT00311766. Phase 2, terminated. Primary outcome was number of participants with adverse events and serious adverse events.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"b607ceae1e16db58e623dd795e386386c20b8bacd37f7f26e4e2a682e68840c7","prev":"af2a36a5d92dad932297dadba6316e55de5648c070ab6489d53b15c92f3d7ec3"},{"id":"s38","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00598871","title":"A Phase 2 Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Thymosin Beta 4 for Treating Corneal Wounds","quote":"Overall status: TERMINATED. Enrollment: 12 (actual).","summary":"NCT00598871. Corneal wounds in diabetic vitrectomy patients, Phase 2, terminated at 12 enrolled.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"0eb80e6b400449d1c40ecd0cce30f1b2d3859d06f9bf87aeb68a749fda5d9e26","prev":"b607ceae1e16db58e623dd795e386386c20b8bacd37f7f26e4e2a682e68840c7"},{"id":"s39","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02600429","title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy Study of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Neurotrophic Keratopathy: SEER-1","quote":"Overall status: TERMINATED. Phase 3. Enrollment: 18 (actual).","summary":"NCT02600429. The registration behind the published 'Phase III' neurotrophic keratopathy paper. Terminated at 18 enrolled — the ten-versus-eight comparison in the literature is this terminated trial's data.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"fd9cbe2e2b03b35bd572bdd9ee453c0e624a739afd383135edf1cfa61b20715d","prev":"0eb80e6b400449d1c40ecd0cce30f1b2d3859d06f9bf87aeb68a749fda5d9e26"},{"id":"s40","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02974907","title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Dry Eye Syndrome: ARISE-2","quote":"Overall status: COMPLETED. Phase 3. Enrollment: 601 (actual).","summary":"NCT02974907. The second of three completed Phase 3 dry-eye trials of full-length Tβ4 eye drops. No approval has followed.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"e94ac49210df584e9e51b37dbe49851af762978bf4497ede09e2e0aeabbba506","prev":"fd9cbe2e2b03b35bd572bdd9ee453c0e624a739afd383135edf1cfa61b20715d"},{"id":"s41","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04555824","title":"A Phase 1a Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Healthy Volunteers","quote":"Overall status: COMPLETED. Phase 1. Enrollment: 54 (actual).","summary":"NCT04555824. The only study to have generated human maximum tolerated dose, full pharmacokinetics (Cmax, Tmax, MRT, AUC, half-life, volume of distribution, clearance) and antibody-formation data for systemic full-length Tβ4. Results are not published in the searched literature.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"6e2e79b23abd8bb27ea89c2a30fccf4629a2903836dca9eca91e2bf9e87b92a6","prev":"e94ac49210df584e9e51b37dbe49851af762978bf4497ede09e2e0aeabbba506"},{"id":"s42","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05555589","title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of 0.1% RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solution for the Treatment of NK: SEER-2","quote":"Overall status: RECRUITING. Phase 3. Enrollment: 70 (estimated).","summary":"NCT05555589. The successor to the terminated SEER-1, still recruiting. Neurotrophic keratopathy remains the indication where full-length Tβ4 has its clearest human signal and no approval.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"a09e67020b9df93a74a750d9f2620a30a325841ddf1346d88937feaa9e44ba8c","prev":"6e2e79b23abd8bb27ea89c2a30fccf4629a2903836dca9eca91e2bf9e87b92a6"},{"id":"s43","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03937882","title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Dry Eye Syndrome: ARISE-3","quote":"Overall status: COMPLETED. Phase 3. Enrollment: 700 (actual).","summary":"NCT03937882. The largest completed trial of thymosin beta-4 in any indication, 700 patients, finished October 2021. No FDA approval has followed.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"23c3bfe6b179de1293be3666691b1ce93bf4e7a6b7fbad6524bae692e08809a5","prev":"a09e67020b9df93a74a750d9f2620a30a325841ddf1346d88937feaa9e44ba8c"},{"id":"s44","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02597803","title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Dry Eye Syndrome: ARISE-1","quote":"Overall status: COMPLETED. Phase 2/Phase 3. Enrollment: 317 (actual).","summary":"NCT02597803. The first of the three completed dry-eye registration trials. ARISE-1, ARISE-2 and ARISE-3 together enrolled 1,618 patients.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"777dc3c804abd3aa5fff865a96bac64cb2460d8f5aa17b7fa0350d4f6f2567f8","prev":"23c3bfe6b179de1293be3666691b1ce93bf4e7a6b7fbad6524bae692e08809a5"},{"id":"s45","type":"trial","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01393132","title":"Comparative Study of Thymosin Beta 4 Eye Drops vs. Vehicle in the Treatment of Severe Dry Eye","quote":"Overall status: COMPLETED. Phase 2. Enrollment: 9 (actual).","summary":"NCT01393132. The registration behind the Cornea 2015 dry-eye paper: nine patients, 0.1% Tβ4 six times daily over 28 days, multicentre, randomised, double-masked, vehicle-controlled.","claim_ids":[],"hash":"14f781c2b2a24f143f5dcea8faa34e3bb3112d7bbb3bfb2a0249402c791b6eb9","prev":"777dc3c804abd3aa5fff865a96bac64cb2460d8f5aa17b7fa0350d4f6f2567f8"},{"id":"w_7b0irg5j","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/PayHereSukka/status/2082956437056008230","title":"X · @PayHereSukka · 2026-07-30","quote":"Ran BPC 500mcg twice a day and 6mg of TB500 every 5th day for 6-8 weeks. Healed my torn rotator cuff","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"4791e4c13fa3c7902de7edc2d602d8ec8de39c6f6ad3867c76921be842e35010","prev":"14f781c2b2a24f143f5dcea8faa34e3bb3112d7bbb3bfb2a0249402c791b6eb9"},{"id":"w_ionqqvc2","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/MuroCrypto/status/2083184469956059529","title":"X · @MuroCrypto · 2026-07-31","quote":"My lowest disc in the lower back is dried out, almost no fluid left, classic herniated disc... In June I ran BPC-157 and TB-500 for about 6 weeks... After 3-4 weeks it already felt better. Now after the cycle, zero pain in biceps and shoulder. Disc still needs physio and rest, but already much better.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"694f822e1009f6f3d045d939e09468b1e5698a6fea57e445ad51ed0d28942f39","prev":"4791e4c13fa3c7902de7edc2d602d8ec8de39c6f6ad3867c76921be842e35010"},{"id":"w_t1lhudd5","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/jasonsvoboda/status/2081426443024961838","title":"X · @jasonsvoboda · 2026-07-26","quote":"Blew up my back in 2017. L4/L5/S1 severe disc herniation. Doc diagnosed me with degenerative disc disease, told me to quit lifting... Found the Wolverine stack and within a month I was pain free.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"de143b9c2cfcb60b35f8bba194110d690d812e553bbbc617123a6a151c47317b","prev":"694f822e1009f6f3d045d939e09468b1e5698a6fea57e445ad51ed0d28942f39"},{"id":"w_srfrp1td","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/MithMuel/status/2071802227342340531","title":"X · @MithMuel · 2026-06-30","quote":"I've been doing subcutaneous BPC TB+500 injections on both sides of the L5-S1 and a month in, the pain is dramatically less... the pain has been horrible for 6 years but this stuff really works. I don't wake up in awful pain anymore!","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"e9d0e80e384ff68ece05e8d128531e3663fb6285b4ba63153dedea94791c959b","prev":"de143b9c2cfcb60b35f8bba194110d690d812e553bbbc617123a6a151c47317b"},{"id":"w_7cn6wcbt","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/howdymary/status/2031137869285425498","title":"X · @howdymary · 2026-03-09","quote":"BPC-157 + TB-500 vastly accelerated my recovery timeline, eliminated my knee pain two days after i started, and brought the swelling in my jaw down within the week","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"f3e457684a505a9cae0c56cac64b603bc4552ae67425cbad2bb14f1c93d784b7","prev":"e9d0e80e384ff68ece05e8d128531e3663fb6285b4ba63153dedea94791c959b"},{"id":"w_8aa4h36p","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/Das_Bear_/status/2071462119011492350","title":"X · @Das_Bear_ · 2026-06-29","quote":"I took it alongside TB-500 and it fixed my tennis elbow and was back to lifting also within two week.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"4f135437dfcb2f85dc3c6021e40fc6cafb1cc0e7ded4df707ccf102ffe2000fc","prev":"f3e457684a505a9cae0c56cac64b603bc4552ae67425cbad2bb14f1c93d784b7"},{"id":"w_bpr3c1ux","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/ryalljohnny1989/status/2084312093067513939","title":"X · @ryalljohnny1989 · 2026-08-03","quote":"I was dealing with a nagging golfers elbow for over a year. Would be tender the to the touch after hitting balls. Within a week of taking shots the pain started to disappear. Months later its compmetely healed.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"fdfce98ef20bbae4631823de05f98fa7355bb6215b31df01108b1546afa5f277","prev":"4f135437dfcb2f85dc3c6021e40fc6cafb1cc0e7ded4df707ccf102ffe2000fc"},{"id":"w_4qf0wqtv","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/caezcrypto1/status/2082943665832374561","title":"X · @caezcrypto1 · 2026-07-30","quote":"4 weeks 1mg bpc and then 4 weeks 2mg in knee. No acl or meniscus...knee has never felt better since before the injury years ago...also did tb500 twice a week total 4mg","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"2dd35f0cf7bfc938eb421f594db6d121bcf079e129ce4392ea5d399dedd348d9","prev":"fdfce98ef20bbae4631823de05f98fa7355bb6215b31df01108b1546afa5f277"},{"id":"w_2m2r0oof","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/L0V3lsKeY/status/2083868515438666186","title":"X · @L0V3lsKeY · 2026-08-02","quote":"Wednesday I woke up in severe pain in my L Leg. It was so bad I couldn't bear any weight... Peptides started in the afternoon. Leg 75% better in the evening... Saturday: Woke up 100% better.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"b06847bd26858f73bc4ed382b9ac75be0e9a71585db8281198927dbd652a9d2f","prev":"2dd35f0cf7bfc938eb421f594db6d121bcf079e129ce4392ea5d399dedd348d9"},{"id":"w_1d35jifv","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/tj_underwood/status/2083248032603107752","title":"X · @tj_underwood · 2026-07-31","quote":"Have done a BLAST OF TB 500 and BPC -157 and KPV! Have serious shoulder tear! Blasted all three for 2 weeks!... Took my shoulder from barely joking a cupping hand to back in gym!","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"991c7c39e8ab39637bc0d86fa9015049920324a4c6d888f83df8993cd07ba390","prev":"b06847bd26858f73bc4ed382b9ac75be0e9a71585db8281198927dbd652a9d2f"},{"id":"w_dmeyan6q","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/jordaaash/status/2038733749366755452","title":"X · @jordaaash · 2026-03-30","quote":"After a week of BPC-157 (8 injections, 500mcg subcutaneous abdominal), persistent ankle tendon pain from a snowboarding injury a year ago is barely noticeable... Yesterday I added TB-500 (1 injection, 2mg) as well","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"c31c639f2d6cc7af50422aeaf16caaa2fdd486ea1f19663785e09389489db09d","prev":"991c7c39e8ab39637bc0d86fa9015049920324a4c6d888f83df8993cd07ba390"},{"id":"w_e9fjoshb","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/pepfessions/status/2084071774480736712","title":"X · @pepfessions · 2026-08-03","quote":"I tore both quad tendons in separate years, the first recovery had taken almost a year. After the second surgery... I added BPC-157 and TB-500. By month five, I was sprinting and jumping again","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"8a86f039ea912003545b2e8060b565d00282572c1f5f70f1c7c877cfb03c769a","prev":"c31c639f2d6cc7af50422aeaf16caaa2fdd486ea1f19663785e09389489db09d"},{"id":"w_albnpbru","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/JonahLupton/status/2081490976510468316","title":"X · @JonahLupton · 2026-07-26","quote":"We still need more human trial data for peptides but I'm 95% sure that BPC-157 and TB-500 helped me heal from several injuries including my left knee and right ankle. I really thought I was going to need surgery for both.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"29670c56b2d25c1b15711a16512146f8ead375d9756e901dd581ae6f87f30722","prev":"8a86f039ea912003545b2e8060b565d00282572c1f5f70f1c7c877cfb03c769a"},{"id":"w_z5qnxkqk","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/GrantWest14/status/2010124835264111079","title":"X · @GrantWest14 · 2026-01-10","quote":"Slight tear of my rotator cuff. Surgery was a 5 month rehab timeline, instead I took bpc-157 and tb-500. Was back to full rotation in my shoulder and benching good weight by a month and a half!","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"f397e697b52f5ac4393f30f97e313d8c24514bb86cb378a1612306b3cdbf2b45","prev":"29670c56b2d25c1b15711a16512146f8ead375d9756e901dd581ae6f87f30722"},{"id":"w_8ed1wjyh","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/_REDwave_2024/status/2057019155824652482","title":"X · @_REDwave_2024 · 2026-05-20","quote":"My 70 yr old dad tore rotator cuff and I had him do 1mg (BPC) injected daily in 2 doses for 4 months with 2-3x/weekly TB500 @ 2.5mg/dose. Within a few weeks, he was lifting his arm totally above his head again and all pain was gone.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"59637ce30fa09ee091d9b61d6254119f120a37918050d33f0f9163c24f632029","prev":"f397e697b52f5ac4393f30f97e313d8c24514bb86cb378a1612306b3cdbf2b45"},{"id":"w_t3aoiz9r","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/BenWolf1425771/status/2084389889303548201","title":"X · @BenWolf1425771 · 2026-08-03","quote":"Promise you peptides are No Joke, I used the wolverine stack (BPC-157 and TB-500) to alleviate lifelong shoulder and joint pains","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"44a233c0e799ea763338f56d6e6f99e8b7d462872a9e8a5782d31df19d039e9f","prev":"59637ce30fa09ee091d9b61d6254119f120a37918050d33f0f9163c24f632029"},{"id":"w_ses7fkwk","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/TheCaddieYardFL/status/2083641327833522639","title":"X · @TheCaddieYardFL · 2026-08-01","quote":"All of the soreness, aches, and pains that disappeared while on BPC/TB500 returned after about 6 weeks for me. I start back on Monday","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"07e757f08c708c88df8db781d107de5e2f43e7b989e776092807c77e2a8fe8cf","prev":"44a233c0e799ea763338f56d6e6f99e8b7d462872a9e8a5782d31df19d039e9f"},{"id":"w_avr26qqh","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/prax1s_mm/status/2082901582627184835","title":"X · @prax1s_mm · 2026-07-30","quote":"Did 3mg of BCP & 5mg of TB500 daily for two weeks into my elbow. It didn't do jack shit. This is my 3rd time trying peptides for various joint/tendon stuff and my 3rd time not noticing any improvement at all.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"f273fb7ea48c6c8c795378b96d8cd8f27b0aefdebc939a13073a81f14517aa57","prev":"07e757f08c708c88df8db781d107de5e2f43e7b989e776092807c77e2a8fe8cf"},{"id":"w_hyq2egsc","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/replacementBux/status/2043445152849555478","title":"X · @replacementBux · 2026-04-12","quote":"Bpc and tb-500 did nothing for my elbow arthritis sadly. Used it for 6 weeks","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"d5a56df16582c27de4faba04eb838c2a441d8dcfcf7a46d7017ab781669e93bf","prev":"f273fb7ea48c6c8c795378b96d8cd8f27b0aefdebc939a13073a81f14517aa57"},{"id":"w_fqd0nz38","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/moon25martin/status/2060514158739640718","title":"X · @moon25martin · 2026-05-30","quote":"I ran a heavy dose of klow into a heavy dose of bp-157 and tb500 for 2 months or more for my shoulder, did nothing, facing a shoulder replacement","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"bf505498af063081583c2b6228dd0f05dc83d93d97492acd26a6985bdc50d323","prev":"d5a56df16582c27de4faba04eb838c2a441d8dcfcf7a46d7017ab781669e93bf"},{"id":"w_89es50pi","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/ToddMil03223111/status/2075223118067433536","title":"X · @ToddMil03223111 · 2026-07-09","quote":"Age 62... I am very limited on what I can do at this point due to the severity of pain. I have been doing BPC 157 +TB 500 for 7 weeks, no improvement yet.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"35706915e1bddf62bb5ba9d22f2926571c2aabb3177ee3946cf3b34d90bc7326","prev":"bf505498af063081583c2b6228dd0f05dc83d93d97492acd26a6985bdc50d323"},{"id":"w_s75yt6kt","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/HangryDBowman/status/2077974266339803140","title":"X · @HangryDBowman · 2026-07-16","quote":"I'm trying it to see if it helps at all with inflammation for my lower back. L4/5 bulge and L5/S1 herniation. Bpc and Tb did nothing I could notice.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"c579a049ca28473487aeb6650d473109372ce44cd31b56e373e4cbca2d9184c5","prev":"35706915e1bddf62bb5ba9d22f2926571c2aabb3177ee3946cf3b34d90bc7326"},{"id":"w_lk8z70he","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/travfourr/status/2044547711114895786","title":"X · @travfourr · 2026-04-15","quote":"I personally used bpc 157/ tb 500 combo for my shoulder issue. Barely moved the needle. 3/10.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"ed2297d985dcabab649883f4eb2b8a4627ca2c8238ca626c744ef7a947c004b6","prev":"c579a049ca28473487aeb6650d473109372ce44cd31b56e373e4cbca2d9184c5"},{"id":"w_fkvglkvn","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/MittelstaedtTim/status/2064873594103222656","title":"X · @MittelstaedtTim · 2026-06-11","quote":"I had some pain there and leading up to my bicep area. Didn't get much relief from bpc157/tb500.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"dce63a5bd9884e69ac143e113682da1814edb5e89ec88132ac79ccec0dfc14fc","prev":"ed2297d985dcabab649883f4eb2b8a4627ca2c8238ca626c744ef7a947c004b6"},{"id":"w_zj1lz4k4","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/Gronnet/status/2048321787667103904","title":"X · @Gronnet · 2026-04-26","quote":"Just finished a bottle of oral liposomal BPC157+TB500 and it seems it did nothing :/ (hoping it would help heal my gut)","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"dc28fb60ef1e560e4c433181e850091b54ddd08ee97b05f1a4f0d3399b890a09","prev":"dce63a5bd9884e69ac143e113682da1814edb5e89ec88132ac79ccec0dfc14fc"},{"id":"w_q1dsmvn0","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/biotides/status/2074549220887941324","title":"X · @biotides · 2026-07-07","quote":"TB-500 made my shoulder left worse. I have bursitis and stopped TB and it's better. I was getting pain in left thumb and arm as well. I was pinning SubQ. I've used 3 different vendors who are legit. So I ruled out bad product. No issues with BPC-157.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"73b9801eb1eb77bd16dcaa9d2f6f2b1d0d1fd1249aff166dd72132eef1d38220","prev":"dc28fb60ef1e560e4c433181e850091b54ddd08ee97b05f1a4f0d3399b890a09"},{"id":"w_fgszb7lb","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/cryptotray79/status/2071013244072788255","title":"X · @cryptotray79 · 2026-06-14","quote":"i ran bpc 157 for few weeks felt decent then add tb 500 hand and skeletal felt worse i discontinued it it was the blend version 20mg","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"f85d5ed6a7491a2a1f4f8ff31a95b35502d74a5059bfa5783fc6854d05d846f8","prev":"73b9801eb1eb77bd16dcaa9d2f6f2b1d0d1fd1249aff166dd72132eef1d38220"},{"id":"w_dwju43tz","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/stateofnomind/status/2031391204232016324","title":"X · @stateofnomind · 2026-03-10","quote":"Not my proudest moment, but after BPC-157 and TB-500 from the gray market, I got hives all over my body.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"bb028c0fc8326fa52ca142a8933072996e6e3df5dfa43d3fb3985151065f6473","prev":"f85d5ed6a7491a2a1f4f8ff31a95b35502d74a5059bfa5783fc6854d05d846f8"},{"id":"w_nad31utv","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/GetterBankWest/status/2028322438984175693","title":"X · @GetterBankWest · 2026-03-02","quote":"I took tb500 and bpc 157 mix for 3 days at 0.750 7.5 units on a 3mm needle i had some Hives show up on each side of love handles not the injection sites... Ive done research my self and stopped for now","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"4c3427bca7126636ed6a8478254034bd05f99e42506da0c3cfec2e151e4b099e","prev":"bb028c0fc8326fa52ca142a8933072996e6e3df5dfa43d3fb3985151065f6473"},{"id":"w_llsxbr8a","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/AmbrosesDrink/status/2084497141234598355","title":"X · @AmbrosesDrink · 2026-08-04","quote":"nothing moved the needle more re gut barrier symptoms than TB500. Until the development of an MCAS-like picture, it began to flair immune Sx: itching, hives from heat, etc.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"20128f4d1518f3302b76f9b361e21b48fb8e220446bbf8db5f9161674055e94b","prev":"4c3427bca7126636ed6a8478254034bd05f99e42506da0c3cfec2e151e4b099e"},{"id":"w_wuu78tg1","type":"source","url":"https://x.com/UndergroundBio/status/2084421599072039066","title":"X · @UndergroundBio · 2026-08-03","quote":"I ran TB-500 for a shoulder injury and got a head rush that lasted maybe 20 minutes. Injection site was red for a day.","summary":"","claim_ids":[],"hash":"6cc32d0f775dcb189e63f90ac8c75c6712c3c65b8c6972dfa552eef675f151a8","prev":"20128f4d1518f3302b76f9b361e21b48fb8e220446bbf8db5f9161674055e94b"}],"edges":[{"from":"c1","type":"supported_by","target":"s1","source_type":"pubmed","hash":"903016522f56ae42"},{"from":"c1","type":"supported_by","target":"s4","source_type":"pubmed","hash":"dcb9147ff48fe018"},{"from":"c1","type":"posted_by","actor":"Fable 5 (Claude Code)","channel":"api","ts":"2026-08-04T19:50:40.237037Z"},{"from":"c300","type":"supported_by","target":"s1","source_type":"pubmed","hash":"903016522f56ae42"},{"from":"c300","type":"supported_by","target":"s4","source_type":"pubmed","hash":"dcb9147ff48fe018"},{"from":"c300","type":"posted_by","actor":"Fable 5 (Claude 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