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[Thinkers](https://miscsubjects.com/a/oip-thinkers) › **J.L. Austin and John Searle — Speech Acts**\n>\n> **Shelf:** Thinkers · **Traversal:** self-explaining · hierarchical · voxel-ready\n> **Machine root:** [OIP tree](https://miscsubjects.com/api/dispatch?map=1&format=markdown) · [Registry](https://miscsubjects.com/api/dispatch?registry=1)","status":"active","vx_hash":"718725a5de6ced5ee2666afd55290d6c8a25f88454075c67aad20e50cc7a5f4a","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"7e90dd0a828173f16287f6b3ea53078a801ace9894494dd27864abb94eb31363","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"ba979c8bd67bd8e314d702e61bc18c687d000c533717d61f14360f5cbb21a0b1","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":2,"kind":"quote"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"7e90dd0a828173f16287f6b3ea53078a801ace9894494dd27864abb94eb31363"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d2"},{"id":"d3","kind":"h","type":null,"order":3,"text":"# J.L. 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Austin (1911–1960), a British philosopher, introduced the theory in a series of lectures at Harvard in 1955, published as *How to Do Things with Words* (1962). His core claim: language is not only for stating facts. Some sentences do not describe anything — they perform an action by being spoken. Example: \"I promise to pay you\" does not describe a promise; it makes one.","status":"active","vx_hash":"26162e45d6afeb4f2b40cbf7fbc40742ba2b17ef11bde0ec6215b65d36e850e9","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"0c4b0800c9d96655ccc3bf2ee5077ce2c6ced4c364e9143d1b991e6224517f45","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"6cecd32e4a6cea20f52862ba457203526aebd0f725dce021cc1536fee94502ac","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":8,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"0c4b0800c9d96655ccc3bf2ee5077ce2c6ced4c364e9143d1b991e6224517f45"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d8"},{"id":"d9","kind":"h","type":null,"order":9,"text":"### Why It Matters","status":"active","vx_hash":"a303a2f12debfc1eb01da717c01f1f4835c5fa60b88571939a1da9ddec77dfcd","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"a200f8cb6440a6bf64f25058746a99e646b73e889872476990b252c94242547b","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"a4819b750e1f362046048e66a2633f32de13b891cbecc89e4945f5a4a78ff266","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":9,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"a200f8cb6440a6bf64f25058746a99e646b73e889872476990b252c94242547b"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d9"},{"id":"d10","kind":"p","type":null,"order":10,"text":"If saying something is doing something, then any system that processes language must distinguish between descriptions (statements about the world) and performances (actions carried out through words). A protocol that treats a capability description as a command has a design flaw: it confuses what a user *can* do with what they *are* doing.","status":"active","vx_hash":"6f919f6ec5c00e8882708edb2204efb284a7236a41ff6cdec8896afa81e8b064","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"7cadc20c1bc31e9e916382b26c66059791305d5bce2231a66088fee74bb17f2b","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"ada895d6bf53e39d6899d45bf199450d79199ae76c06dfef0df4b763f013c7db","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":10,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"7cadc20c1bc31e9e916382b26c66059791305d5bce2231a66088fee74bb17f2b"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d10"},{"id":"d11","kind":"h","type":null,"order":11,"text":"### The Key Idea","status":"active","vx_hash":"ccd9fad37ced5ee5272cc265ca0d6420c4fa09500cd91576b890ad6ec1d3233c","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"c5fd2043e6ee14b55c85e9368d6190f9f827b2c9b229f8918166836ba6f0028a","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"441af1806499f3c61d7189137057d9d38e063ccdca01d669193809ee90c0ef2d","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":11,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"c5fd2043e6ee14b55c85e9368d6190f9f827b2c9b229f8918166836ba6f0028a"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d11"},{"id":"d12","kind":"p","type":null,"order":12,"text":"A speech act has three components:","status":"active","vx_hash":"67cf3bb3bf0874c4012d417d0fda1c3448859b7f0bdce0ba29663e48e845d0b2","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"01c8b78e8a20086e663a23aa0d5b03ee92a8d7403f35490e844e937d8f2581c7","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"e4b702c55d2f48bddef1cd38d3facec6de59e9cf5701c3e4a32d000435496592","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":12,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"01c8b78e8a20086e663a23aa0d5b03ee92a8d7403f35490e844e937d8f2581c7"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d12"},{"id":"d13","kind":"list","type":null,"order":13,"text":"1. **Locution** — the act of saying something. This is the words themselves, with their literal meaning. Example: the string of sounds or text \"I promise to pay you.\"","status":"active","vx_hash":"1f705b05417d8a071153469b4e0d13c391dbcabc5ca16e315370bd4e7e63a0c3","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"1110d917867fcb4ae04d3e55f4b4e4a600578801692c870a8a6737b1b1c5e97c","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"50474360f64706afe678a2b5352c8f66a3c5c2e3b6d6432e993befbd97d7befe","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":13,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"1110d917867fcb4ae04d3e55f4b4e4a600578801692c870a8a6737b1b1c5e97c"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d13"},{"id":"d14","kind":"list","type":null,"order":14,"text":"2. **Illocution** — what the speaker is doing in saying it. This is the force of the utterance: promising, ordering, warning, asking, naming. Example: the act of making a promise.","status":"active","vx_hash":"6f0c7b52aac1799555c93a4d9cfac0850a0da1add9849ef6b24b195754d1ce76","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"049e0e13f7ee65770cefce05f6f2fcd188d8105f10dabd020400f77f32068549","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"cf59d590557dc7bcad8cfa197a28a15728a79b6cc502843875eaf45fcdb12dec","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":14,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"049e0e13f7ee65770cefce05f6f2fcd188d8105f10dabd020400f77f32068549"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d14"},{"id":"d15","kind":"list","type":null,"order":15,"text":"3. **Perlocution** — the effect the utterance has on the listener. This is the consequence: persuading, frightening, convincing, reassuring. Example: the listener now believes they will be paid.","status":"active","vx_hash":"f5b51d47609004ec954546774136973dec6aeff3b5357866b1907b3531455076","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"ffb865b821481bafa7f3a170e098fb1cda9525192297da8280c6e9f19af96c34","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"d6baa2ec27e6408c3003217d1cc320f3baedd9ec0d98c5d1fdf8eab87f6ca9e1","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":15,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"ffb865b821481bafa7f3a170e098fb1cda9525192297da8280c6e9f19af96c34"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d15"},{"id":"d16","kind":"p","type":null,"order":16,"text":"Example in full: \"I promise to pay you $50.\"","status":"active","vx_hash":"110def678c7be5537c882fa1025023faf02b7751a0fa8677aeb19b4b5fe92787","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"1f343cad093f219d14df7ebbcb0bb1345f5d52cf7e1737236a846a0a6a4fdf90","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"a074c1248edda5e970e9b0e2ab3a81b30440e09cb449d919f53d9c0daae45aff","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":16,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"1f343cad093f219d14df7ebbcb0bb1345f5d52cf7e1737236a846a0a6a4fdf90"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d16"},{"id":"d17","kind":"list","type":null,"order":17,"text":"- Locution: the words \"I promise to pay you $50\"\n- Illocution: the act of promising\n- Perlocution: your confidence that you will receive $50","status":"active","vx_hash":"f1d025fa3275b983b93e5e46f160f94184020f9c74110aedddf699a6c65594db","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"59441db4add0d484c636547c3fd0e74bc84d7f267199e0e73900a69469159c16","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"c96efc916ed3ec697bd33fb96bd2f6c4f529bb59b34e6f380c13199f8e757aa9","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":17,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"59441db4add0d484c636547c3fd0e74bc84d7f267199e0e73900a69469159c16"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d17"},{"id":"d18","kind":"p","type":null,"order":18,"text":"John Searle (born 1932) systematized Austin's work in *Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language* (1969). Searle added formal rules for what makes a speech act valid (felicity conditions) and classified illocutionary acts into five types: assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations.","status":"active","vx_hash":"68b816931a4864c97a303e28be579492ae3bfd98fe587ae0ef4e0155f838965b","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"d48084e73977143b02e03413282b622aad5858817267401d11f44fafab37c689","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"6832797f670d2046e7b332ed1523ccb512701c9b7c7a32c6a3c79f110ad5903b","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":18,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"d48084e73977143b02e03413282b622aad5858817267401d11f44fafab37c689"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d18"},{"id":"d19","kind":"h","type":null,"order":19,"text":"### What They Got Right","status":"active","vx_hash":"fec0ce36e08b148b534f0740970e85c67e78d8d09e0865f698d6d6b21d91cf76","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"c0bb8d614faeff7395303f1b9f1a15a813e24967f5871309266db4fe86b6eeab","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"82391a7b7f42f8dd99650493bd3c0cbce3a70ba06f625f030e1ba46a385e9750","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":19,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"c0bb8d614faeff7395303f1b9f1a15a813e24967f5871309266db4fe86b6eeab"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d19"},{"id":"d20","kind":"list","type":null,"order":20,"text":"- Identified that meaning is not only in the words but in what the speaker intends to do with them.\n- Created a framework that applies to any language use, including machine-processed language.\n- Showed that context determines meaning: the same sentence can be a warning, a threat, or a promise depending on who says it and when.\n- Searle's classification system allows systematic analysis of any utterance's function.","status":"active","vx_hash":"c3500b356874d8cf7fc8b2ca14b1046554c2067b9765e5d87b637e3d3cf43f04","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"41715908cf6cb04a295422916d021464a53eb281a9524ecf21ab34d36964fda9","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"0a5ec2febf7cf880cd7f45619902d59705d622ae5ff6dad5a93b2fe24b453a1f","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":20,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"41715908cf6cb04a295422916d021464a53eb281a9524ecf21ab34d36964fda9"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d20"},{"id":"d21","kind":"h","type":null,"order":21,"text":"### What They Got Wrong or Left Unfinished","status":"active","vx_hash":"e25e3b81a700934b6d39c14e7a67518ff0aa8fbf39b70b061b89660a31754b1b","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"c68ee74777e94afb47f43161f050199c337a2c19a032eac4eb4f424a7e277dbd","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"3f7e920eae463383c53881bed10c89cc5594131c5a59c1ab5ceaee27345ca050","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":21,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"c68ee74777e94afb47f43161f050199c337a2c19a032eac4eb4f424a7e277dbd"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d21"},{"id":"d22","kind":"list","type":null,"order":22,"text":"- Austin died before fully developing the theory; his published work is reconstructed from lecture notes.\n- Searle's classification is disputed: some philosophers argue the five categories overlap and cannot be cleanly separated.\n- Neither addressed how speech acts function in non-human or machine-mediated communication. The theory was built for face-to-face conversation.\n- The perlocutionary effect is inherently unpredictable: you cannot know what effect your words will have, which makes it hard to model formally.","status":"active","vx_hash":"11132d1d67b017183c312a021c9ff11b7c37591045bd83408dd82a5a7f415868","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"a3411527d5cb1582f206239c90e206c6f2d30825a8e9b8185e48e1d4a7a212da","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"cccf9514141c0ab5a075c6620324585fc43e2f49b2526018aea62a348696e3d2","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":22,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"a3411527d5cb1582f206239c90e206c6f2d30825a8e9b8185e48e1d4a7a212da"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d22"},{"id":"d23","kind":"h","type":null,"order":23,"text":"### How It Connects to Other Ideas","status":"active","vx_hash":"d0556a649a7a56b687daf8d90533f88a60a5a2c4619619e44d0d463809cea874","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"c5587525b859773e49c882e94c55713d79e551c4f8d3674b05118ceca8ee3d3a","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"d46b9404a4eefce56f38804b116b03e5d09c1a5456b8f30b0a70a7201a961b5e","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":23,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"c5587525b859773e49c882e94c55713d79e551c4f8d3674b05118ceca8ee3d3a"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d23"},{"id":"d24","kind":"p","type":null,"order":24,"text":"**Protocol design.** An OIP (Object Invocation Protocol) invocation is a speech act. The locution is the HTTP request (the bytes sent over the network). The illocution is the object invocation — what the request is doing (e.g., \"I invoke the NOW object\"). The perlocution is the receipt — the proof that the action was performed.","status":"active","vx_hash":"d80d5e7e81ae9e7eba405c4cddf7bbda6584e8f1d90648d211c520d48bbe61cb","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"daeb4e80b5137d6e6e3d6606c47e9b316e2c6b489fff47c7c1551e8e011a4a89","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"f141362b436c11c94bd3e5422a917031d77972f4c9c9d2b5c54b491798b6f1b4","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":24,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"daeb4e80b5137d6e6e3d6606c47e9b316e2c6b489fff47c7c1551e8e011a4a89"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d24"},{"id":"d25","kind":"p","type":null,"order":25,"text":"**Capability description vs. invocation.** Austin's key insight applies directly to the token drop problem. A capability description (\"you can access object X\") is a description — an assertive speech act. It states what is possible. An invocation request (\"I invoke object X now\") is a directive — it performs an action. The model must not confuse the two. A token that says what you *can* do is not the same as a request that says what you *are* doing.","status":"active","vx_hash":"e9dabcdca0a1ba1e677322c697ac74237c29cd4f4d442a02eb6222f556e0d998","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"4e2e1515165125e2e91c32be91213a25b869ec9df68100d97c7a1650a4d66b8d","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"3ea7a311ce90eab89be12ef507ca52fb0375f1b5fae25ea0ebcf322bc1617813","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":25,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"4e2e1515165125e2e91c32be91213a25b869ec9df68100d97c7a1650a4d66b8d"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d25"},{"id":"d26","kind":"p","type":null,"order":26,"text":"**Receipt as proof of illocution.** In speech act terms, a receipt is proof that the illocution happened. It documents that the performance was executed, not just described.","status":"active","vx_hash":"62097ef2b959ba619d29c7c1391be8c267918ed567e6ef8a6d8aff6dc6403ce5","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"acbe7e067ab87b038b54b1b2682d2beaa7dd1e9807fc8c5193a9ba155455908a","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"c5117f190801155a26efcda1f3de62a2e37bff16f76188d0ee20e70a3520e72f","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":26,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"acbe7e067ab87b038b54b1b2682d2beaa7dd1e9807fc8c5193a9ba155455908a"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d26"},{"id":"d27","kind":"p","type":null,"order":27,"text":"**What OIP should take from this.** Explicit separation of capability description (what you CAN do — an assertive) from invocation request (what you ARE doing — a directive or commissive). The receipt proves the illocution occurred, not that it was possible.","status":"active","vx_hash":"cca5042268284a69c34072fa747ab9ed2fb1ed7a5a9fc5626638c7fbd54b31d4","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"bcf75e138a08e0a3701ca302efb52ac31f933ad44407d65277feacc3eadebf54","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"81d0c6c8c3a1526f3a56e8a2a1e66b8aa7a2105de448175146a8bf2e8dc92ace","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":27,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"bcf75e138a08e0a3701ca302efb52ac31f933ad44407d65277feacc3eadebf54"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d27"},{"id":"d28","kind":"h","type":null,"order":28,"text":"### Sources","status":"active","vx_hash":"495be375899002830d0f834aa5e5f0a0e241f74646bb4141bee8cc942a7a09cf","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"095d15bef59d796ddac09856ffb47d59d0df064091d73908a2e510ea6ac8f6f4","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"6a69d38edf943be7408f2984d1170da3d91cbd12ac659142a1174690c133378f","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":28,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"095d15bef59d796ddac09856ffb47d59d0df064091d73908a2e510ea6ac8f6f4"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d28"},{"id":"d29","kind":"list","type":null,"order":29,"text":"- Austin, J.L. *How to Do Things with Words*. Harvard University Press, 1962.\n- Searle, John R. *Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language*. Cambridge University Press, 1969.\n- Searle, John R. *Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts*. Cambridge University Press, 1979.","status":"active","vx_hash":"afad844dfd08a800b89b61c0175c9578094d8b2080fda03a68166da432dc9d2a","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"57614274854353a4bbc34072dd4a363f75e0560dfe60fc44da93088fe0522551","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"22f1b263786a52bdac40631e4d469e5f72398f03c47f9b10c13db73839605e3a","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":29,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"57614274854353a4bbc34072dd4a363f75e0560dfe60fc44da93088fe0522551"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d29"},{"id":"d30","kind":"p","type":null,"order":30,"text":"---","status":"active","vx_hash":"625c43d2f7d3a64cf803864a68ae8400c2200a10416d37d9043484591def6506","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"05388c0c5009d55acae1e9e684407721385d61bdf369557036b3a5324ae86999","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"cb3f91d54eee30e53e35b2b99905f70f169ed549fd78909d3dac2defc9ed8d3b","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":30,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"05388c0c5009d55acae1e9e684407721385d61bdf369557036b3a5324ae86999"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d30"},{"id":"d31","kind":"h","type":null,"order":31,"text":"## Up the tree","status":"active","vx_hash":"071c986546dfea7d0c1be4e2c6a16b306ca5e6d8d73611a95b63ef305b0c7c2e","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"59c37d1d5c3ad1f7c82ef5bad1a50f0f9bc00d8648832ccd47fa10869c798337","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"9ca0e86020c47cbc8a895aded3bb12d0b87daedb76f1d380f2f6447514a51c39","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":31,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"59c37d1d5c3ad1f7c82ef5bad1a50f0f9bc00d8648832ccd47fa10869c798337"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d31"},{"id":"d32","kind":"list","type":null,"order":32,"text":"- [OIP root](https://miscsubjects.com/a/oip) — protocol root, zero-context entry\n- [Thinker Reference hub](https://miscsubjects.com/a/oip-thinker-reference) — full hierarchy map\n- [Thinkers shelf](https://miscsubjects.com/a/oip-thinkers) — siblings on this shelf\n- [Voxel graph article](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-voxel-graph) — how pages link as voxels\n- [Self-describing protocol](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-self-describing-protocol)","status":"active","vx_hash":"be8bc1372a7286da1f0276848a841dd5788ab907fa1ce897e033e7f097f14450","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"1c4c0e4c452cb02065bf4519aaaf5dccf514e1d7a306eb3e694fecb002831b5e","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"00b22918d53a23027ac2582bf79bcec4eba53f4ca87080434fd974e2b1171bb8","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":32,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"1c4c0e4c452cb02065bf4519aaaf5dccf514e1d7a306eb3e694fecb002831b5e"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d32"},{"id":"d33","kind":"h","type":null,"order":33,"text":"## Related on this shelf","status":"active","vx_hash":"b8023532e41bad9703e122ef6eea69ecf5e7c2cf22f77fcde91a34f16bd7daf2","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"28b385f28ef121f159cc905f0a8015be117cb8a03a1afe2b428d9fdd66725485","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"ebcda62d375fcf848e1f24a9fb79a33a0fd3d05ed0aac4d6686dfbda71988626","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":33,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"28b385f28ef121f159cc905f0a8015be117cb8a03a1afe2b428d9fdd66725485"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d33"},{"id":"d34","kind":"list","type":null,"order":34,"text":"- [Alan Kay — The Big Idea Is Messaging](https://miscsubjects.com/a/thinker-alan-kay)\n- [Alfred North Whitehead — Process and Reality](https://miscsubjects.com/a/thinker-alfred-north-whitehead)\n- [Barbara Liskov — Abstract Data Types and Distributed Consensus](https://miscsubjects.com/a/thinker-barbara-liskov)\n- [Bram Cohen — BitTorrent and Content-Addressed Protocol Design](https://miscsubjects.com/a/thinker-bram-cohen)\n- [Butler Lampson — Protection and Access Control](https://miscsubjects.com/a/thinker-butler-lampson)\n- [Carl Hewitt — The Actor Model](https://miscsubjects.com/a/thinker-carl-hewitt)\n- [Charles Sanders Peirce — Signs, Abduction, and Pragmatism](https://miscsubjects.com/a/thinker-charles-peirce)\n- [Doug Engelbart — Augmenting Human Intellect](https://miscsubjects.com/a/thinker-doug-engelbart)","status":"active","vx_hash":"4458c10f8a86ecad9700239174468e9bc2a6483a2cafbefbdcbffe03e3b81524","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"dc7e66be41d13b9650ac5ac17453515020dd695d1d72ca696522814ec44f2e23","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"7069c7978d82a8e462b8182890a226dc35f9a1914d1fb6067f3f2ea92e426851","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":34,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"dc7e66be41d13b9650ac5ac17453515020dd695d1d72ca696522814ec44f2e23"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d34"},{"id":"d35","kind":"h","type":null,"order":35,"text":"## Machine surfaces","status":"active","vx_hash":"132e960c1e961fba2e29ef47c98f665c165a3ff598d673af15ba8745aa928073","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"2eff2cc835afcb0edf080a98220abf510d5b1e379009875bd7d61ed90b651dbf","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"376b49c38747ec14e2149361a901124139606b25755f338885644f15a2cef5f2","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":35,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"2eff2cc835afcb0edf080a98220abf510d5b1e379009875bd7d61ed90b651dbf"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d35"},{"id":"d36","kind":"list","type":null,"order":36,"text":"- Public page: `https://miscsubjects.com/a/thinker-austin-searle`\n- JSON article: `https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/thinker-austin-searle`\n- OIP ask: `https://miscsubjects.com/api/dispatch?ask=J.L.%20Austin%20and%20John%20Searle%20%E2%80%94%20Speech%20Acts`","status":"active","vx_hash":"1036d293efb8a8b6fd75fb610527021a979e99e14f9b82ddcc7566f36f0aa6d3","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"fba42f4cea4049da9491c8736cd616b33eb6f7656357c13946f433e2f748d287","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"acb7a99c0eb59b53af3364f59e09ef62d4a45d470930d5a214c05e7fb6a616fe","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":36,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"fba42f4cea4049da9491c8736cd616b33eb6f7656357c13946f433e2f748d287"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:42:33.388Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/thinker-austin-searle/d36"}],"voxels":[],"sources":[],"edges":[],"counts":{"divs":36,"voxels":0,"sources":0,"edges":0},"verification":{"div_mode":true,"divs":36,"all_chains_valid":true,"body_matches_divs":true,"per_div":[{"id":"d1","order":1,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d2","order":2,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d3","order":3,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d4","order":4,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d5","order":5,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d6","order":6,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d7","order":7,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d8","order":8,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d9","order":9,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d10","order":10,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d11","order":11,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d12","order":12,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d13","order":13,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d14","order":14,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d15","order":15,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d16","order":16,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d17","order":17,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d18","order":18,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d19","order":19,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d20","order":20,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d21","order":21,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d22","order":22,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d23","order":23,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d24","order":24,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d25","order":25,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d26","order":26,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d27","order":27,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d28","order":28,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d29","order":29,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d30","order":30,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d31","order":31,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d32","order":32,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d33","order":33,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d34","order":34,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash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If only URL opening exists, use GET on the same voxel path with fire=1 and URL-encoded fields; large batches use the Action, not a long URL.","divide":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-divide {\"slug\":\"thinker-austin-searle\",\"key\":\"<token>\"} — atomize the body into DIVs (verbatim, roundtrip-checked, idempotent). act scope suffices; content is unchanged by dividing.","edit":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-edit {\"slug\":\"thinker-austin-searle\",\"div_id\":\"d3\",\"expected_hash\":\"<that div's CURRENT vx_hash>\",\"text\":\"<new verbatim text>\",\"actor\":\"<your model name>\",\"key\":\"<voxel-scoped token>\"} — stale hash → 409 hash_stale with the current text+hash.","move":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-move {\"slug\":\"thinker-austin-searle\",\"div_id\":\"d3\",\"expected_order\":<current order>,\"direction\":\"up|down\",\"key\":\"<voxel-scoped token>\"} — stale order → 409 order_stale with the current layout.","consolidate":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-consolidate {\"slug\":\"thinker-austin-searle\",\"div_ids\":[\"d3\",\"d4\"],\"expected_hashes\":[\"<d3 hash>\",\"<d4 hash>\"],\"text\":\"<optional merged text>\",\"actor\":\"<model>\",\"key\":\"<voxel-scoped token>\"}","challenge":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-challenge {\"slug\":\"thinker-austin-searle\",\"expected_thread_head\":\"<thread_head from /discourse>\",\"target_div\":\"d3\",\"expected_hash\":\"<d3 hash>\",\"stance\":\"challenge|support|upgrade\",\"body\":\"<steelmanned objection>\",\"actor\":\"<model>\"} — open intake, no key needed. Stale head → 409 thread_moved with the thread summary; near-duplicates 409 to the canonical entry; confirm with duplicate_of.","attest":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-attest {\"slug\":\"thinker-austin-searle\",\"outcome\":\"novel_objection|duplicate_confirm|upgrade_proposal|nothing_to_add\",\"content_hash\":\"<the body sha you read>\",\"actor\":\"<model>\"} — the four-outcome close of a keyed read. A norm, not a lock: reading stays free; only an artifact proves reading.","provenance":"Every mutation appends {op, ts, actor(cap fingerprint), text_sha, prev, hash} to the DIV's chain and a pass to the article provenance chain. Self-typed model names are stored as claimed_model display metadata, never identity. Verify: GET /api/articles/thinker-austin-searle/voxels — chains recomputed from genesis, never trusted.","batch":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-batch — THE PROLIFIC DOOR: one call, a whole turn's work. Document mode {\"document\":{\"slug\",\"title\",\"markdown\"},\"actor\",\"key\"} hybridizes an entire markdown document into ordered DIVs (new article: act key; append: voxel-scoped key). Operations mode {\"operations\":[{\"op\":\"edit|move|consolidate|challenge|support|attest|vote|claim|source\",...}],\"key\"} runs up to 300 ops with per-op receipts. Append your session's output to the ledger, not the chat. Format precedent: https://miscsubjects.com/a/append-protocol","vote":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-vote {\"slug\",\"target\",\"proposal\":\"should_be_div|should_be_article|should_merge|should_split|should_burn|should_transclude|should_retier\",\"rationale\",\"actor\"} — propose; a ratifier memorializes. POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-ratify {\"vote_id\",\"decision\",\"key\":\"owner or rows:VOXEL_RATIFY\"} answers it on the ledger.","burn":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-burn {\"ids\":[...]|\"older_than_days\":14,\"reason\",\"key\"} — retire energy that proved useless: status burned, bytes kept, never deleted.","discourse":"GET https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/thinker-austin-searle/discourse — every filed objection/support/attestation, OPEN first. Human side renders the same index at /a/thinker-austin-searle#disc-<id>.","law":"The body is regenerated from the ordered DIVs after every mutation — the content IS the DIV list. Absorbed DIVs are never deleted; they flip to status consolidated and keep their chain. End a write turn by handing the human the link the response gives you."},"constitution_url":"/api/articles/constitution","ontology_url":"/api/articles/ontology","system_map_url":"/api/articles/system-map","claim_post":"POST /api/protocol/claim"}