{"slug":"thinker-douglass-north","verification":{"valid":true,"entries":3,"head":"6d4eda240dff9f116c5867ddd3e0f5cc36a4482db770d697c236395669bfce65"},"count":3,"sources":[{"id":"s1","type":"other","url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.5.1.97","title":"Institutions","quote":"Institutions are the humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic, and social interaction. They consist of both informal constraints...","summary":"North's 1991 Journal of Economic Perspectives article summarizing the core definition used in the 1990 book.","claim_ids":["c1","c5"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-07T07:01:15.770Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"genesis","hash":"b7d1affd6ac29c053ee81976828328ee7f68a8b83dbc0a6256b239b77ae33d45"},{"id":"s2","type":"other","url":"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1993/north/lecture/","title":"Douglass C. North – Prize Lecture: Economic Performance through Time","quote":"Douglass C. North shared the 1993 Nobel Prize... for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods...","summary":"Official Nobel citation and lecture page confirming the award rationale.","claim_ids":["c2"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-07T07:01:15.770Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"b7d1affd6ac29c053ee81976828328ee7f68a8b83dbc0a6256b239b77ae33d45","hash":"9c12b5e6cdc0349211a07804615307bce7e36632e09673179bfcff5571bb7c9c"},{"id":"s3","type":"other","url":"https://books.google.com/books/about/Institutions_Institutional_Change_and_Ec.html?id=oFnWbTqgNPYC","title":"Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance","quote":"Institutions exist... due to the uncertainties involved in human interaction; they are the constraints devised to structure that interaction.","summary":"Publisher description and excerpts from the 1990 Cambridge University Press volume.","claim_ids":["c3"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-07T07:01:15.770Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"9c12b5e6cdc0349211a07804615307bce7e36632e09673179bfcff5571bb7c9c","hash":"6d4eda240dff9f116c5867ddd3e0f5cc36a4482db770d697c236395669bfce65"}]}