{"slug":"thinker-ludwig-boltzmann","verification":{"valid":true,"entries":2,"head":"4b5d5bf9e478eaf9e19e92aa55694810580201f6042240f1aa16e19c21b88091"},"count":2,"sources":[{"id":"s1","type":"other","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann%27s_entropy_formula","title":"Boltzmann's entropy formula","quote":"The equation was originally formulated by Ludwig Boltzmann between 1872 and 1875, but later put into its current form by Max Planck in about 1900.","summary":"Summarizes the historical origin and mathematical content of S = k ln W from Boltzmann's work.","claim_ids":["c1","c2","c3","c5"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-07T07:37:54.902Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"genesis","hash":"4d6a6d9b902e1741413859c27ca3e619ec02937e3faec29e075d6c43fec05ea8"},{"id":"s2","type":"other","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275220813_Translation_of_Ludwig_Boltzmann's_Paper_On_the_Relationship_between_the_Second_Fundamental_Theorem_of_the_Mechanical_Theory_of_Heat_and_Probability_Calculations_Regarding_the_Conditions_for_Thermal_Equilibrium","title":"Translation of Ludwig Boltzmann's 1877 paper","quote":"The probabilistic basis of entropy is established for the first time.","summary":"Provides English translation and context confirming the fluctuation view of ordered states as improbable.","claim_ids":["c4"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-07T07:37:54.902Z","link_status":"http_403","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"4d6a6d9b902e1741413859c27ca3e619ec02937e3faec29e075d6c43fec05ea8","hash":"4b5d5bf9e478eaf9e19e92aa55694810580201f6042240f1aa16e19c21b88091"}]}