{"slug":"thinker-rudolf-clausius","verification":{"valid":true,"entries":3,"head":"dd52670a45fa1e75af4d12cc2fbdd076b8631154a83ad47e788165f54b970633"},"count":3,"sources":[{"id":"s1","type":"other","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Clausius","title":"Rudolf Clausius","quote":"His most important paper, \"On the Moving Force of Heat\", published in 1850, first stated the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics. In 1865 he introduced the concept of entropy.","summary":"Wikipedia entry with publication dates and entropy introduction details.","claim_ids":["c1","c2","c4"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-08T06:50:08.611Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"genesis","hash":"83fc5f6b105228b5f8ceaf9955e74cc0e6e5718c84bfd490f874b4350515d95e"},{"id":"s2","type":"other","url":"https://web.lemoyne.edu/giunta/Clausius1865.pdf","title":"Concerning Several Conveniently Applicable Forms of the Fundamental Equations of the Mechanical Theory of Heat","quote":"I propose, accordingly, to call S the entropy of a body, after the Greek word 'transformation'.","summary":"Primary 1865 paper text containing the entropy naming and universe statements.","claim_ids":["c2","c3"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-08T06:50:08.611Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"83fc5f6b105228b5f8ceaf9955e74cc0e6e5718c84bfd490f874b4350515d95e","hash":"888598f4647f6fec9cb10b12c4abdbc1d3ca29016eb5e868f71cd7a5c2da05e9"},{"id":"s3","type":"other","url":"https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Clausius/","title":"Rudolf Clausius (1822 - 1888)","quote":"In a paper which he published in 1865 the concept is named and clearly defined for the first time.","summary":"Biography confirming 1850 and 1865 papers with no later extensions noted.","claim_ids":["c5"],"found_by":"grok/grok-4.3","extra":{},"accessed_at":"2026-07-08T06:50:08.611Z","link_status":"ok","quote_status":"unverified","prev":"888598f4647f6fec9cb10b12c4abdbc1d3ca29016eb5e868f71cd7a5c2da05e9","hash":"dd52670a45fa1e75af4d12cc2fbdd076b8631154a83ad47e788165f54b970633"}]}