Collection

Source

Ashby 1956: An Introduction to Cybernetics

W. Ross Ashby. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman & Hall, London, 1956. 295 pp. No DOI assigned; ISBN 978-0416683004. Companion volume: Design for a Brain (Wiley, 1960). A system survives only if it matches the complexity of its

Source

Bak, Tang & Wiesenfeld — Self-Organized Criticality (1987)

Bak, P., Tang, C. & Wiesenfeld, K. (1987). "Self-Organized Criticality: An Explanation of 1/f Noise." Physical Review Letters, 59(4), 381–384. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.381. Extended treatment: Bak, P., Tang, C. & Wiesenfeld, K. (1988).

Source

Barabási & Albert 1999: Scale-Free Networks

Barabási, A.L. & Albert, R. (1999). "Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks." Science, 286(5439), 509–512. DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5439.509. Real networks are not random. They grow by preferential attachment — the rich get richer. A few

Source

Darwin 1859 — On the Origin of Species

Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. John Murray, London, 1859. No DOI — predates the system. Life designs itself. No architect required.

Source

England 2013 — Statistical Physics of Self-Replication

England, Jeremy L. "Statistical Physics of Self-Replication." The Journal of Chemical Physics 139, no. 12 (2013): 121923. DOI: 10.1063/1.4818538. Also available as arXiv:1209.1179 physics.bio-ph (2012). Self-replication burns entropy.

Source

Gödel 1931: On Formally Undecidable Propositions

Kurt Gödel. "Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme I." Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik 38 (1931): 173–198. Any system smart enough to count cannot prove everything true about itself. The

Source

Heraclitus: Fragments

Heraclitus of Ephesus. Fragments (Diels–Kranz B1–B129, especially B60, B88, B12, B51, B64). c. 500 BCE. Surviving via quotation in Plato, Aristotle, Theophrastus, Simplicius, Hippolytus, Clement, Marcus Aurelius, and others. Collected

Source

Kauffman 1993 — The Origins of Order

Kauffman, S.A. (1993). The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 978-0-19-507951-7. 734 pages. Natural selection is not the only source of biological order. Boolean networks

Source

Landauer 1961 — Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computing Process

Rolf Landauer. "Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computing Process." IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 183–191, July 1961. DOI: 10.1147/rd.53.0183(https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.53.0183). Erasing one bit

Source

Lao Tzu — Tao Te Ching

Lao Tzu (Laozi). Tao Te Ching (also Dao De Jing). c. 6th–4th century BCE. Ancient China. Traditional attribution to a sage of the Zhou court; modern scholars dispute authorship and date some passages to the 4th–3rd century BCE. No DOI. The

Source

Mandelbrot 1967: How Long Is the Coast of Britain?

Benoit B. Mandelbrot. "How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension." Science, New Series, Vol. 156, No. 3775, pp. 636-638. May 5, 1967. DOI: 10.1126/science.156.3775.636. Coastline length depends

Source

Maturana 1980 — Autopoiesis and Cognition

Maturana, H.R. & Varela, F.J. Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living. 1980. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume 42. DOI unknown. Living systems build themselves. A cell makes

Source

Noether 1918: Invariante Variationsprobleme

Emmy Noether. "Invariante Variationsprobleme." Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, 235–257, 1918. English translation: "Invariant Variational Problems," in The Noether

Source

Elinor Ostrom — Governing the Commons (1990)

Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press. Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, 2009. Groups manage shared resources without state coercion or privatization.

Source

Prigogine 1977: Dissipative Structures

Prigogine, Ilya. "Time, Structure and Fluctuations." Nobel Lecture in Chemistry, 8 December 1977. Published in Science 201, no. 4358 (1978): 777–785. DOI: 10.1126/science.201.4358.777. SOURCE:prigogine-1977type:empirical Order does not

Source

Schrödinger 1944 — What Is Life?

Erwin Schrödinger. What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell. Cambridge University Press, 1944. No DOI — published as monograph lecture series, Trinity College Dublin, February 1943. Life is not magic. It is a thermodynamic

Source

Shannon 1948 — A Mathematical Theory of Communication

Claude E. Shannon. "A Mathematical Theory of Communication." Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 379–423; no. 4, pp. 623–656. July and October 1948. No DOI — predates DOI system; Bell Labs internal publication, Murray Hill,

Source

Spinoza — Ethics (1677)

Baruch Spinoza. Ethica, ordine geometrico demonstrata (Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order). 1677. Published posthumously in Opera Posthuma, Amsterdam. No DOI — this is a seventeenth-century Latin manuscript.

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