von Neumann, 1966 — Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata
von Neumann, 1966 — Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata
System notes
A machine can contain its own description, read it, build a copy of itself, and copy the description into the copy — self-reference is not a paradox but a construction manual.
Von Neumann designed a 29-state cellular automaton containing a universal constructor that reads a tape describing itself, builds a duplicate body, and copies the tape into the duplicate.
Von Neumann deduced the logical architecture of self-replication from logic before Watson and Crick published the DNA structure in 1953.
The separation of blueprint from builder in von Neumann's architecture maps onto DNA (genetic information as tape) and ribosomes (protein synthesis as constructor).
Von Neumann's replicator assumed perfect fidelity and ignored mutation; evolution requires error, so the model is static compared to living systems.
The model ignored thermodynamic cost and used discrete states rather than real chemistry; real cells do not operate as discrete-state automata.
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